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This review discusses the use of botulinum toxin for hair and scalp disorders and reports mixed findings, with most studies showing mild or non-significant effects on hair growth.

The study found that botulinum toxin-A significantly increased the diameter of the supratrochlear artery in a small patient group, suggesting potential vasodilatory benefits for treating ischemic conditions.

This review reported on botulinum toxin's potential in treating dermatological conditions like hidradenitis suppurativa, rosacea, androgenetic alopecia, plaque psoriasis, and primary hyperhidrosis, highlighting initial efficacy but indicating a need for controlled trials to confirm safety and effectiveness.

This review discusses botulinum toxin A as a treatment for various types of hair loss and reports no clinical results; the authors emphasize the need for comprehensive evaluations and further research.

This article reviews the clinical applications of botulinum toxin, highlighting its effectiveness in treating various pain conditions like diabetic neuropathy and chronic migraines and noting future research should focus on enhancing safety and efficacy.

This chapter discusses the potential therapeutic applications of Botulinum toxin for various non-cosmetic skin conditions, such as acne, rosacea, and hyperhidrosis, highlighting case reports and some randomized controlled trials that indicate promise in alleviating discomfort, inflammation, and excessive sweating.

This study found that in mice with alopecia areata, a single subcutaneous injection of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A significantly reduced hair loss and stimulated hair follicle regeneration.

This study found that Botox® was most effective at a 25 U/ml concentration, while Dysport® and Neurobloc® were optimal at 100 U/ml for producing anhidrotic areas after injections.

This paper reviews chemical analysis methods for trace elements in human hair and supports a no-wash policy due to challenges in distinguishing between endogenous and exogenous element sources.

This study reports that expressed mouse type Ia and type IIa trichocyte keratins were successfully assembled into intermediate filaments in vitro, while also suggesting that disulfide bond cross linking enhances their stability.

This review discusses the complexities and uncertainties in the pathways and mechanisms for disulfide bond formation in multicellular organisms and reports no new experimental findings.

This study found that permanent waving treatment partially disrupts the α-helical structure in human hair microfibrils, primarily during the initial reduction phase, rather than just affecting disulphide bonds.

This study found that nanofibrous membranes containing PNA nanogels enhanced wound healing in mice by modulating reactive oxygen species levels, improving cell adhesion and proliferation.

In this study, chemical treatments during permanent hair straightening were found to randomize proteins in the cortex, aiding in the reconnection of disulfide bonds during oxidation.

This study found that disulfide bonds in keratin increase its strength and toughness, with some loss of α-helical structure under load, highlighting their role in trichocyte α-keratin's mechanical properties.

Keratin peptides can change hair shape gently without harsh chemicals.

This study concluded that bleach treatment partly transforms the hydrophobic top layer of human hair cuticles into a hydrophilic surface with clustered cysteic acid, visualized at the nano-scale using dynamic Chemical Force Microscopy.

This article reviews methods for dissolving hair proteins and describes how solvents and molecules with hydrophobic groups interact with hair; it presents no new research findings.

In this study, researchers found that L-cysteine interacted electrostatically with anionic ions on the surface of keratin fibers in human hair, reducing the rate of disulfide bond disconnection at pH 9.0.

This study reports that hair damage from bleaching is associated with the oxidative cleavage of fatty acid thioester bonds, detectable by measuring the decrease in mass spectrometry peak at m / z 76.

In this study, researchers found that ligand homodimerization controls the receptor binding specificity of the FGF9 subfamily, preventing off-target activation of FGFR "b" isoforms.

This study found that the Pseudomonas sp. T5-6-I strain significantly increased selenium accumulation and root hair density in Brassica oleracea, highlighting its potential for phytoremediation and biofortification.

The authors conclude that optimizing hair shaft production and appearance may best be achieved by integrating biological, chemical, and physical intervention strategies.

This study found that the cocrystal of mycophenolic acid with isonicotinamide significantly improved solubility and dissolution rate, while two other cocrystals showed decreased performance in these areas.

This study found that at pH 9.0, CYS penetrated less and caused less damage to virgin human hair than TG because it barely reached the cortex region.

This review discusses the evolutionary history of keratins and reports no new results, highlighting key events that contributed to the development of mammalian hair and integument.

This study observed that repeated perm treatments decrease disulfide bonds in hair due to their conversion largely into cysteic acid, affecting the waving efficiency depending on the reduction agent used.

This article reviews the complex challenges of managing scalp and cranial deformities post-trauma or surgery, advocating for better multidisciplinary approaches to enhance outcomes, but reports no new results.

This study presents computational modeling and experimental analysis of the HGT protein KAP8.1, identifying key structural features that may influence hair's response to environmental conditions.

This study comprehensively compared different crystalline forms of finasteride, including the new finasteride DMF solvate hemihydrate, to better understand their structural characteristics and intermolecular interactions.