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Lack or blocking of SRD5a, a key component in hormone creation, can lead to conditions like pseudohermaphrodism and affect hair growth, bone mass, muscle strength, and reproductive health. More research is needed on its regulation from fertilization to adulthood.

Testosterone therapy can help women with androgen deficiency by improving energy, sex drive, and bone health with few side effects.

The vitamin D receptor has many roles in the body beyond managing calcium, affecting the immune system, hair growth, muscles, fat, bone marrow, and cancer cells.

Testosterone with finasteride improved muscle and bone health in men with spinal cord injury.

TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

Two new compounds were found to build bone and muscle without affecting reproductive organs and skin oil glands.

Isoproterenol helps hair follicle stem cells turn into beating heart muscle cells.

Testosterone replacement may help post-menopausal women with androgen insufficiency, but more research is needed on its benefits and risks.

New male hormonal contraceptives show promise but need more research on long-term effects and funding for larger trials.

Vitamin D and estrogen may help protect heart and kidney health, and maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels could be especially beneficial for African Americans, postmenopausal women, and people with chronic kidney disease.

Understanding gender differences and individual patient characteristics is essential for optimal cosmetic surgery outcomes.

The patient's long-term hair loss was caused by leukemia treatments and low estrogen levels, worsened by her genetic tendency for hair loss.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

Melatonin affects many body functions beyond sleep by interacting with specific receptors in various tissues.

The conclusion is that certain cell interactions and signals are crucial for hair growth and regeneration.

The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.

Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.

The TGF-β family helps control how cells change and move, affecting skin, hair, and organ development.

The conclusion is that hair growth can be improved by activating hair cycles, changing the surrounding environment, healing wounds to create new hair follicles, and using stem cell technology.

Male pattern baldness is mostly inherited, involves many genes, and is linked to other traits like early puberty and strong bones.

Low testosterone and 5α-reductase inhibitors can harm men's metabolic and sexual health; testosterone therapy may help, but discussing 5α-RIs' side effects is important.

Higher testosterone levels can increase the risk of certain diseases like type 2 diabetes in women and prostate cancer in men, but can also protect against autoimmune diseases and hair loss. It also affects body fat and bone density.

The document concludes that freeze-dried platelet-rich plasma shows promise for medical use but requires standardization and further research.

Testosterone therapy seems safe and effective for transgender men with proper care, but more long-term research is needed.

Keratin from hair binds well to gold and BMP-2, useful for bone repair.

Intravital imaging helps us better understand stem cells in their natural environment and could improve knowledge of organ regeneration and cancer development.

DHT is a strong androgen that may pose less risk to the prostate compared to testosterone.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are promising for multiple therapies, but more research is needed to fully understand and optimize their use.

Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone have similar effects on body composition and metabolic health in men.

Testosterone therapy for transmasculine individuals is generally safe with medical supervision, improves mental health, and has mixed effects on physical health.