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Glossary Blepharitis

inflammation of eyelid edges causing redness and irritation

Blepharitis is an inflammation of the eyelids, typically where the eyelashes grow. It can cause symptoms like redness, itching, and a feeling of grittiness in the eyes. This condition is often associated with bacterial infections or skin conditions like dandruff or rosacea. For professionals, it's important to note that chronic blepharitis can lead to complications such as dry eyes, styes, or even damage to the cornea if left untreated.

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research Beyond the Surface: Understanding Demodex and Its Link to Blepharitis and Facial Dermatoses

11 citations , June 2024 in “Clinical ophthalmology”

This study highlights that Demodex mites, commonly found on human skin, can cause significant eye and skin issues such as blepharitis, rosacea, and dermatitis when present in abnormally high densities, underscoring the need for targeted management strategies.

research Drugs linked to blepharitis, meibomian gland dysfunction, and chalazion: a real-world, population-based pharmacovigilance analysis

1 citations , September 2025 in “Eye”

This pharmacovigilance study found that certain systemic medications, including finasteride, bortezomib, and dupilumab, were disproportionately reported in association with eyelid disorders like blepharitis, meibomian gland dysfunction, and chalazia, suggesting these drugs may contribute to these conditions though benefits might still outweigh the risks.

research Demodex Blepharitis

1 citations , December 2011 in “Ophthalmology”

This article comments on Nemet et al.'s study of blepharitis, emphasizing that Demodex folliculorum is a significant factor in its associated morbidity and can be effectively managed with tea tree oil shampoo.

research Demodex blepharitis mimicking eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma

12 citations , April 2013 in “Clinical & experimental ophthalmology”

This article does not include an abstract and reports no new clinical findings; it discusses Demodex blepharitis that mimics eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma.

research Autosomal recessive ichthyosis with hypotrichosis syndrome: further delineation of the phenotype

55 citations , April 2008 in “Clinical Genetics”

This report identifies a novel mutation in the ST14 gene in a female with autosomal recessive ichthyosis with hypotrichosis, highlighting similar features to previously reported cases.

research Topical ketoconazole: a systematic review of current dermatological applications and future developments

39 citations , January 2019 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment”

This review found topical ketoconazole to be highly effective against Malassezia-related skin conditions, though other treatments may outperform it for Tinea and Candida infections.

research Demodicosis in Different Age Groups and Alternative Treatment Options—A Review

35 citations , February 2023 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine”

This review discusses treatments for demodicosis in adults and children and provides no new clinical results; the authors emphasize the need for careful diagnosis and therapy selection.

research Demodex

30 citations , June 2013 in “Optometry and vision science”

This study reports that a clinical sequence can help eye care practitioners identify Demodex mites, which are often underdiagnosed and undertreated in ocular surface diseases.

research Adenohypophysitis Associated with Sebaceous Gland Atrophy in a Dog

11 citations , July 1991 in “Veterinary Pathology”

In this case report, a 9-year-old Samoyed dog with a history of dermatitis showed symptoms compatible with chronic sebaceous adenitis, marked by the absence of sebaceous glands and non-granulomatous skin infiltration.

research Deficiency of the human cysteine protease inhibitor cystatin M/E causes hypotrichosis and dry skin

10 citations , November 2018 in “Genetics in medicine”

This study identified a genetic variant in the CTS6 gene associated with a hypotrichosis syndrome, emphasizing the significant role of cystatin M/E in hair and skin health.

Madarosis, Milphosis, Eyelash Trichomegaly, and Dermatochalasis: Conditions Affecting the Periocular Area

research Madarosis, milphosis, eyelash trichomegaly, and dermatochalasis

10 citations , February 2015 in “Clinics in Dermatology”

This article discusses various periocular conditions like madarosis, milphosis, trichomegaly, and dermatochalasis, and highlights their potential link to underlying local and systemic diseases, but reports no new clinical findings.

research Periocular Manifestations of Afatinib Therapy

6 citations , December 2018 in “Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery”

This study reports a rare side effect of trichiasis in a patient with spinal chordoma treated with Afatinib, a type of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

research Ophthalmic manifestations of Demodex spp. infection – what should a dermatologist know?

4 citations , January 2021 in “Dermatology Review”

This review discusses the role of Demodex mites in ocular demodecosis and various eye ailments, highlighting diagnostic methods but noting a lack of standardized treatments, with no new clinical results reported.

research Investigating tralokinumab-related adverse events in treating atopic dermatitis: insights from the FAERS database

February 2026 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

In this study analyzing FDA data, researchers found that tralokinumab was associated with higher reports of conjunctivitis and keratitis compared to dupilumab, while dupilumab had more frequent injection site reactions, highlighting potential risks for clinical monitoring in atopic dermatitis treatments.

research 190 Deficiency of the Human Cysteine Protease Inhibitor Cystatin M/E Causes Hypotrichosis and Dry Skin

September 2019 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study identified a mutation in the CST6 gene linked to a rare syndrome with symptoms affecting hair and skin, revealing cystatin M/E's role in maintaining epidermal homeostasis and hair follicle development.

research Daclizumab

August 2019 in “Reactions Weekly”

Daclizumab may cause psoriasis-like skin problems in multiple sclerosis patients.

research Author reply

December 2011 in “Ophthalmology”

This article discusses the potential association between Demodex and blepharitis but reports no new findings, as the authors evaluated systemic associations without data on Demodex infestation.

research Demodex mites

81 citations , February 2014 in “Clinics in dermatology”

This review discusses the potential role of Demodex mites in various human skin conditions, including acneiform eruptions and folliculitis, but reports no new research findings.

research Method to Identify Demodex in the Eyelash Follicle Without Epilation

39 citations , May 2013 in “Optometry and vision science”

This monograph outlines a new method for identifying Demodex mites in eyelashes without epilation by rotating the eyelash within its follicle.

research BC06: Efficacy of lasers and light‐based devices in long‐term hair reduction defined by body site‐specific growth cycles: a systematic review

July 2021 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

This article suggests that eyelash prostheses may exacerbate isotretinoin-induced blepharitis, highlighting the need for caution among young women using both products.

research Pediatric Sjögren’s Syndrome: Focus on Ocular Involvement and Diagnostic Challenges

2 citations , June 2025 in “Medicina”

This retrospective study in pediatric patients with Sjögren's syndrome found consistent indications of tear film instability and identified systemic features like arthralgia, Raynaud's phenomenon, and frequent autoantibody positivity, underscoring the value of integrating clinical and ophthalmological assessments for early diagnosis.

research Hepato- and neuro-toxicity by ethylenthiourea.

2 citations , June 1985 in “PubMed”

This study observed that ethylenthiourea's lethality increases with dose accumulation and ethanol co-administration, while impaired liver function and various adverse effects were noted in long-term treated rats.

research Ophthalmologic Comorbidities in Alopecia Areata

November 2025 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine”

This review article explores the potential systemic nature of alopecia areata, highlighting the association with ocular abnormalities and suggesting that shared pathogenic pathways may lead to eye symptoms occurring at younger ages than usual.

research Ketoconazole: A Promising Drug for Fungal Infections

May 2023 in “Asian journal of research in pharmaceutical sciences”

This study concluded that topical ketoconazole is effective and safe for treating superficial fungal infections and has potential for new dermatologic uses despite concerns over oral administration's adverse effects.

research Inherited Disorders of the Hair

2 citations , January 2013 in “Elsevier eBooks”

The document explains the genetic causes and characteristics of inherited hair disorders.

Corneal Punctate Epitheliopathy Secondary to Trichiasis Following Eyelash Transplantation

research An unusual eyelid swelling

1 citations , October 2012 in “QJM”

This case report describes a 47-year-old man with a persistent erythematous scaly plaque on his left lower eyelid, unresponsive to conservative treatment, later diagnosed through biopsy.