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Women with acne and irregular periods had higher active testosterone levels, which could suggest the usefulness of antiandrogen treatment.

Testosterone is made by Leydig cells, is active when not bound to proteins, and works by binding to receptors in muscles and other tissues.

Pattern baldness is likely caused by a dominant gene influenced by testosterone levels, making it more common in men.

Young women with diffuse hair loss may have low SHBG levels, which could lead to more active testosterone and contribute to their hair loss.

Men and women experience skin aging differently due to changes in sex hormone levels with age.

The conclusion is that standardizing testosterone measurement methods is essential for better diagnosis accuracy in women.

Older men with lower levels of available testosterone are more likely to be frail.

Androgen therapy can help with symptoms like low libido in women, but more research is needed to understand its long-term safety and effects on health.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Saw palmetto in hair products might reduce hair loss but can cause side effects.

Hormones, especially androgens, play a key role in causing acne, and treatments like hormone control pills and hormone-blocking medications can help.

Lower doses of treatments for hirsutism and acne in PCOS are effective and cause fewer side effects.

Hormonal therapy is a treatment option for acne, the only medical treatment for hirsutism, and the most promising for androgenetic alopecia.

There are many treatments for common hair loss, but more trials are needed to decide which are best.

Eating 500 fewer calories a day and making lifestyle changes can improve PCOS symptoms and reduce diabetes risk; more research is needed on its causes and treatments.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is common but often undiagnosed, and early treatment is important to prevent health problems.

Acne in reproductive-age women may be linked to conditions like PCOS and lifestyle factors, so doctors should check for these when treating acne.

Testosterone replacement may help post-menopausal women with androgen insufficiency, but more research is needed on its benefits and risks.

Testosterone therapy can improve sexual satisfaction and mood in surgically menopausal women when used with estrogen, but its long-term safety and effects on naturally menopausal and premenopausal women are unclear.

Too much AKR1C3 enzyme causes resistance to finasteride by increasing testosterone.

Mice without the enzyme HSD17B3 still produce normal testosterone, suggesting they have different ways to make it compared to humans.

Castration is preferred for non-breeding male dogs with BPH, but other treatments are available with specific pros and cons.

The conclusion is that PCOS is a common cause of hirsutism in young obese women, and early treatment is important to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome.

Myo-inositol supplements may improve insulin sensitivity and help with conditions like PCOS and gestational diabetes, but more research is needed.

PPAR agonists show promise for skin conditions but need more research before being a main treatment.

The conclusion is that while oral contraceptive pills are effective for PCOS-related high androgen levels, new treatments with fewer side effects are needed.

The document concludes that managing PCOS involves treating symptoms and reducing long-term metabolic risks, with lifestyle changes being important.

Male pattern baldness may be caused by factors like poor blood circulation, scalp tension, stress, and hormonal imbalances, but the exact causes are still unclear.

Changes in prolactin and DHEA levels are not required for the start of mink hair growth cycles.

Testosterone therapy can help women with androgen deficiency by improving energy, sex drive, and bone health with few side effects.