82 citations
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January 2022 in “Bioactive Materials” This review discusses extrusion-based bioprinting bioinks for skin regeneration, highlighting their current applications, limitations, and potential improvements, but reports no new experimental findings.
24 citations
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October 2024 in “International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing” This review discusses the advancements and challenges in skin bioprinting techniques and applications, including hair follicles and pigmentation, while addressing the need for improvements in vascularization, safety, and clinical translation, according to the authors.
8 citations
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February 2025 in “Molecules” This study investigated a gelatin-based bioink for 3D bioprinting a simplified skin model, finding that a formulation with 15% gelatin and 150 mM calcium chloride supported a homogeneous distribution of viable cells over 14 days, showing promise for drug evaluation applications.
3 citations
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June 2023 in “Nano today” This study reported that bioinks containing calcium molybdate nanoparticles and dermal papilla cells can promote hair regrowth in vivo by creating an anti-inflammatory environment and activating the mTOR signaling pathway in macrophages.
November 2025 in “IECCMEXICO” This review reports that 3D skin bioprinting has made significant progress towards clinical application, particularly in wound healing and disease modeling, but further work on vascularization and bioink standardization remains crucial.
November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This review analyzes granted patents for skin bioinks for 3D skin bioprinting from 2017 to 2022 and reports no new clinical results.
28 citations
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October 2023 in “Trends in biotechnology”
April 2026 in “Biomolecules” This study reported that discarded squid ink was used to develop a high-performance, environmentally friendly hair dye that offers a stable deep black color, UV protection, and preserves hair structure, while showing excellent biosafety in lab tests.
30 citations
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February 2022 in “Pharmaceutics” This review explores recent advancements in skin tissue engineering using 3D bioprinting, discussing current methods, bioink formulations, and outlining both achievements and limitations without presenting new clinical results.
17 citations
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January 2013 in “Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications” This review discusses the potential of bioprinting technology in cosmetology, particularly for improving skin functions like pigmentation restoration and hair follicle development, but reports no new clinical findings.
June 2026 in “Nano Research” In this study, researchers developed a novel 3D bio-printed skin scaffold using exosomes from liver cells, which enhanced wound healing by promoting cell growth, angiogenesis, and reducing inflammation in large skin injuries, suggesting potential applications in treating chronic skin conditions.
August 2024 in “Cosmoderma” 3D-printed hair follicles could revolutionize hair loss treatments by providing unlimited hair grafts.
This study introduces a new type of tissue micromodule, the micro tissue precursor (μTP), which can form complex 3D tissues, including lung stroma and skin models supporting hair viability.
April 2026 in “Microsystems & Nanoengineering” This study developed HA-gel-dex hydrogels with enhanced ECM-like properties and functionality, showing promise for 3D bioprinting, tissue repair, and as wound dressings due to improved cell interaction, cytocompatibility, antimicrobial synergy, and wound healing in mice compared to traditional ECM bio-inks.
May 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This study suggests that 3D bioprinting may become a practical solution for tissue regeneration and complex wound care, demonstrating improved outcomes over traditional methods in various applications.
May 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This study demonstrates that 3D bioprinting is advancing toward practical use in reconstructive medicine, with promising results in personalized skin grafts, hair regeneration, and burn care, despite existing technical and ethical challenges.
June 2023 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” This review describes bioengineering strategies to mimic the natural cell microenvironment in vitro, emphasizing the novel approach of using cell-synthesized extracellular matrix as a scaffold for engineering functional 3D tissues, while highlighting the limitations of exogenous scaffolds in tissue engineering.
18 citations
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July 2022 in “Chemistry - an Asian journal” This study found that GelMA/HAMA bioink shows promise for 3D printing skin equivalents, as it effectively mimics the native skin's properties and supports hair follicle structure development.
5 citations
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June 2025 in “Journal of Functional Biomaterials” This study explored recent advancements in 3D bioprinting for head and neck defects, highlighting how bioinks and scaffolds may improve treatment customization and functionality by mimicking native tissue features. The research also examined challenges like biocompatibility and regulatory requirements on the path to clinical use.
4 citations
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May 2025 in “Life” This review highlights advancements in 3D bioprinting for skin tissue engineering, focusing on exosome-loaded bioinks that show potential for enhancing skin regeneration and repair.
2 citations
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August 2023 in “Life” This review highlights the transformative potential of bioinspired polymers in biomedical engineering, focusing on their roles in enhancing tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and other biomedical applications, with innovations including mimicking the extracellular matrix, self-healing, antibacterial properties, and cancer therapy.
June 2026 in “International Journal of Bioprinting” This review found that 3D bioprinting significantly advances skin tissue engineering by enabling the creation of complex, patient-specific skin structures, though technological and regulatory challenges persist, particularly in areas like scalability and physiological mimicry.
This review discusses how advancements in biomaterial engineering and 3D bioprinting are transforming skin wound-healing therapies, highlighting innovations in bioinks and the evolving global market potential of these technologies for developing next-generation skin substitutes.
March 2025 in “International Journal of Trichology” This study reviews 3D printing's role in neurology, highlighting its potential to enhance hair restoration and scalp therapy through personalized solutions, while acknowledging the challenges of regulatory issues and the need for further research on long-term effects.
December 2024 in “African Journal of Biomedical Research” This review discusses the potential of 3D bioprinting to revolutionize cosmetic treatments through personalized skin regeneration, facial reconstruction, and anti-aging therapies, while highlighting the current challenges and promising future in the field of cosmetology.
August 2024 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” This review discusses current and emerging therapies for androgenetic alopecia, emphasizing regenerative treatments and nanotechnology advancements, but it reports no new clinical results.
August 2023 in “European Journal of Plastic Surgery” This study found that although three-dimensional bioprinting in plastic and reconstructive surgery is rapidly advancing, complete tissue systems have not yet been successfully printed due to ongoing challenges.
This chapter reviews bioengineered human hair follicles and discusses the pros and cons of different 3-D bioprinting methods, but reports no new experimental findings.
25 citations
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August 2024 in “Virtual and Physical Prototyping” This review outlines various 3D bioprinting techniques and bioinks used for creating artificial tissues and organs, emphasizing their potential in addressing organ transplant shortages and advancing drug testing, while acknowledging existing challenges and future prospects.
1 citations
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October 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This study demonstrated that intraoperative bioprinting using a bioink with human adipose-derived extracellular matrix and stem cells achieved successful reconstruction of full-thickness craniomaxillofacial skin defects in rats, promoting wound closure, adipogenesis, and hair follicle-like structure formation within two weeks.