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The enzymes 5α-reductase and 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase help create brain-active substances from progesterone and testosterone, which could be used for treatment, but more research is needed to ensure their safety and effectiveness.

Hair loss is significantly linked to lower levels of certain genes in hair follicles.

Intralesional chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate may worsen keratoacanthoma-type skin cancer in transplant patients.

The GH-IGF-I axis is likely involved in the hormonal imbalances seen in non-obese women with functional hyperandrogenism.

NF-κB signaling is crucial in many diseases and can be targeted for new treatments.

MOF controls key genes for skin development by regulating mitochondrial and ciliary functions.

Melanocytes produce melanin; their defects cause vitiligo and hair graying, with treatments available for vitiligo.

Sex steroids affect the MafB gene differently in male and female hamsters.

FOL-005, a hair growth promoter, acts locally on mouse skin where injected and could be a promising hair loss treatment.

PDE inhibitors, especially PDE4 inhibitors like apremilast, are effective for certain inflammatory skin conditions but have side effects and can be costly.

PPAR agonists show promise for skin conditions but need more research before being a main treatment.

Certain defective glucocorticoid receptor mutants move faster inside cell nuclei and work less effectively.

NcoA4 may have roles beyond helping control gene activity, possibly affecting cell behavior and stability.

Lower growth factors linked to balding in androgenetic alopecia.

Applying InlB321/15 to wounds sped up healing in mice.

Scientists found gene mutations that affect hair loss, skin stem cells, and skin disorders, and identified drugs that may help treat blood vessel and skin conditions.

Protease Nexin-1 is found in human hair growth cells and is affected by male hormones.

Mice without the vitamin D receptor have bone issues and other health problems, suggesting vitamin D is important for preventing various diseases in humans.

The document concludes that PCOS is a complex disorder caused by both genetic and environmental factors, affecting women's health in various ways, and requires personalized treatment.

The vitamin D receptor is involved in multiple body functions beyond calcium regulation, including immune response and rapid reactions not related to gene activity.

Hair follicle development is controlled by interactions between skin tissues and specific molecular signals.

Spironolactone treatment increases the amount of testosterone available in the body.

PGD2 stops hair growth and is higher in bald men with AGA.

Antiandrogens like flutamide are effective in treating conditions like prostate cancer and hair loss, but there's a need for more potent versions. Understanding their structure can help develop better treatments.

Metformin is effective for treating excessive hair growth in women with PCOS and may work better than the standard treatment in some ways.

Fibromodulin might help reduce scarring if increased in adult wounds like in fetal skin that heals without scars.

Vitamin D and its receptor regulate skin functions like cell growth, immunity, hair cycle, and tumor prevention.

Estrogen therapy can reduce skin aging but has cancer risks.

Cancer cells often have more copies of TERT and TERC genes, which helps them grow and could affect patient outcomes.

Low oxygen conditions increase the hair-growing effects of substances from fat-derived stem cells by boosting growth factor release.