May 2024 in “British Journal of Community Nursing” In this case series, researchers reviewed 38 case studies involving Prontosan® products for chronic lower limb ulcers and found that the treatments significantly improved wound healing and various quality of life outcomes, such as reduced malodour and pain, better mobility, and enhanced social life.
This chapter reviews pharmacodynamic evaluations in endocrine disorders focusing on oral antidiabetics, insulin analogues, and hormone interactions, but reports no new results.
200 citations
,
October 2009 in “European journal of endocrinology” This review discusses the multifaceted actions of metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome and reports no new clinical results; the authors emphasize metformin's potential benefits in both cardiometabolic and reproductive aspects of PCOS.
14 citations
,
May 2020 in “Drug Testing and Analysis” This study reports that hair analysis could potentially monitor metformin use in diabetic patients, suggesting a possible correlation between daily dose and concentration in dark hair but not in light hair.
10 citations
,
August 2012 in “Clinical Pharmacokinectics” This study found that type 2 diabetes mellitus does not affect the pharmacokinetics of metformin in obese pregnant women with PCOS, suggesting no need for dosage adjustments.
January 2026 in “International Journal of Dermatology Venereology and Leprosy Sciences” This study suggests that metformin's ability to enhance insulin sensitivity may improve acanthosis nigricans by addressing the underlying insulin resistance.
5 citations
,
June 2025 in “Advances in Therapy” This narrative review reports that metformin, traditionally used for type 2 diabetes management, may offer therapeutic benefits for various skin disorders, such as acne, rosacea, and psoriasis, due to its anti-inflammatory and other beneficial properties, warranting further exploration in dermatology.
January 2024 in “International Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” This study found that Iraqi women with PCOS who carry the reference wild type alleles of OCT1 had a significant hormonal and metabolic response to metformin, unlike those with mutant alleles.
March 2023 in “East African scholars journal of medical sciences” This review examines metformin use in PCOS treatment, noting that while non-randomized studies show improvements, randomized controlled trials suggest benefits are limited and highlight lifestyle changes as potentially more effective.
2 citations
,
November 2020 in “Der Hautarzt” This case report suggests an association between the use of Sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, and the development of alopecia universalis in a diabetic patient.
373 citations
,
September 2009 in “Obstetrics & Gynecology” This review examines the best available evidence for diagnosing and managing PCOS but reports no new clinical results.
122 citations
,
June 2020 in “Aging” This review discusses the hyperfunction theory of aging as a key factor in COVID-19 vulnerability, highlighting the potential of anti-aging interventions like rapamycin to reduce this risk.
67 citations
,
July 2006 in “Clinics in Dermatology” This review discusses the dermatologic manifestations of hyperandrogenism in women and outlines the diagnostic approach and treatment options, reporting no new clinical results.
53 citations
,
June 2012 in “Annales d'Endocrinologie” This review discusses the range and causes of adipose tissue diseases, emphasizing genetic and acquired forms of lipodystrophy, but it reports no new clinical results.
50 citations
,
August 2017 in “Diabetologia” This review discusses genetic factors that may influence the effectiveness of metformin in treating polycystic ovary syndrome and emphasizes the need for further research to establish clear benefits.
37 citations
,
February 2007 in “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology” This article examines current pharmacologic treatments for PCOS focusing on symptom-specific approaches, particularly the metabolic effects of therapies, but reports no new clinical findings.
31 citations
,
September 2006 in “International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics” This article reviews diagnostic criteria and treatment options for polycystic ovary syndrome, focusing on hormonal and metabolic management strategies, and presents no new clinical data.
28 citations
,
November 2007 in “Medical Clinics of North America” This review discusses the impact, pathophysiology, and health risks of obesity and the metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovarian syndrome, emphasizing the potential life-saving benefits of recognition and treatment, but it reports no new results.
21 citations
,
January 2003 in “Seminars in reproductive medicine” This review outlines the underlying pathophysiology and treatment options for the androgen excess and reproductive and metabolic manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome, but reports no clinical results.
19 citations
,
December 2018 in “Experimental and Molecular Medicine” This study reports that the novel small molecule IM176OUT05, by modifying stem cell metabolism, promoted hair regrowth and increased hair follicle numbers in mice.
4 citations
,
January 2019 in “Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism” This review found no evidence that medications used to manage PCOS add to cardiovascular risk or prevent diabetes onset, although metformin may help prevent gestational diabetes in these patients.
3 citations
,
July 2025 in “BIOMED natural and applied science” This systematic review synthesizes the current state of drug repurposing, revealing its potential in various therapeutic areas like oncology and infectious diseases through insights from mechanistic studies and real-world evidence, and discusses emerging tools and challenges in the field.
3 citations
,
January 2015 in “Social Science Research Network” This study discusses the role of physicians and pharmaceutical companies as entrepreneurial actors in off-label drug use, arguing they may advance patient care more quickly than regulatory agencies.
1 citations
,
September 2025 in “Cureus” In this study, the ChatGPT-5 model accurately answered 76.47% of questions on the Polish endocrinology specialty exam, surpassing the 60% passing threshold, yet its role in clinical decision-making remains uncertain, highlighting the need for further research.
1 citations
,
October 2010 in “Cambridge University Press eBooks” This review discusses strategies for managing dermatological symptoms of hyperandrogenism in PCOS by reducing androgen levels and actions, and reports no new clinical results.
February 2026 in “Cureus” In this narrative review, the authors compared monotherapy and combination therapy for type 2 diabetes, finding that while monotherapy is effective in early stages, combination therapy offers superior glycemic control and cardiovascular benefits, though it requires individualized selection for safety and adherence.
June 2025 in “Mağallaẗ ʻulūm al-rāfidayn” In this study with diabetic rats, the researchers found that combining Amoxicillin/Clavulanate with metformin may enhance the glucose-lowering effects of metformin, without affecting cholesterol, triglycerides, or certain electrolytes.
March 2025 in “Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A Physical Sciences” This abstract discusses the challenges of diagnosing and managing PCOS, highlighting that individualized management, lifestyle modifications, and medical treatments such as contraceptives and metformin are recommended to address hormonal imbalances and co-morbidities.
This review discusses the complexities of managing polycystic ovarian syndrome in females, examining its various phenotypes and treatment options, but it does not present new clinical findings.
August 2023 in “International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology” This study found that combining letrozole with metformin was more effective at inducing pregnancy in women with PCOS compared to letrozole alone, while OCP and metformin significantly improved menstrual regularity and reduced hyperandrogenic symptoms.