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Mice without active or present vitamin D receptors maintain normal blood sugar control and islet gene expression when calcium levels are normal.

Women with PCOS have more insulin resistance and are more likely to have heart-related health issues, with insulin resistance being a bigger factor than β-cell problems.

Women with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) are more insulin resistant than healthy women, with various insulin sensitivity indices being higher in the AGA group. An oral glucose tolerance test is suggested for women with AGA.

Leptin-deficient mice, used as a model for Type 2 Diabetes, have delayed wound healing due to impaired contraction and other dysfunctional cellular responses.

Foxp3 is crucial for regulatory T cell function, and targeting these cells may help treat immune disorders.

Toll-like receptors are important for wound healing, but can slow it down in diabetic wounds.

Targeting the protein Caveolin-1 might help treat a type of scarring hair loss called Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia.

Targeting and modifying the stem cell niche can improve regenerative therapies.

Neuronatin is found in specific cells within rat testis, hair follicles, tongue, and pancreas, suggesting it has various roles in tissue development and function.

Tacrolimus causes fewer acute rejections than cyclosporin A in kidney transplants but doesn't necessarily improve kidney function after one year; cardiovascular risks and side effects vary between the two drugs.

Vitamin D has potential benefits for cancer prevention, heart health, diabetes, obesity, muscle function, skin health, and immune function, but clinical results are mixed and more research is needed.

Women with PCOS have higher levels of a certain growth factor, which can be reduced by taking metformin.

The conclusion is that using drugs to block the TOR pathway might slow aging and prevent age-related diseases.

TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

High-dose vitamin A and E with zinc improved blood sugar control and insulin function in diabetics, but may cause hair loss.

Lymphocytes, especially CD8+ T cells, play a key role in causing alopecia areata, and targeting them may lead to new treatments.

A new mutation in the DCAF17 gene was found in a Chinese family, causing Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome and diabetes.

Cheonggukjang may help prevent and manage various diseases and improve overall health, but its odor and safety concerns need addressing.

Testosterone helps human pancreatic cells increase insulin release.

Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) have lower levels of a substance called DIAPH1 in their blood, which is linked to changes in sugar metabolism and insulin resistance.

Sox6 is important in heart and kidney health, affecting diseases like diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure.

CGRP may help protect hair follicles from immune system attacks, potentially slowing hair loss.

Restoring mitochondrial function in mice reversed their skin wrinkling and hair loss.

Different types of stem cells exist within individual skin layers, and they can adapt to damage, transplantation, or tumor growth. These cells are regulated by their environment and genetic factors. Tumor growth is driven by expanding, genetically altered cells, not long-lived mutant stem cells. There's evidence of cancer stem cells in skin tumors. Other cells, bacteria, and genetic factors help maintain balance and contribute to disease progression. A method for growing mini organs from single cells has been developed.

More PDCD4 is linked to obesity, insulin problems, and cell death in ovaries for those with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Metformin and rosiglitazone improve blood vessel function in women with PCOS, with metformin also reducing insulin resistance and testosterone levels.

The GH-IGF-I axis is likely involved in the hormonal imbalances seen in non-obese women with functional hyperandrogenism.

Finasteride causes temporary cell death in BPH tissues.

PBX1 reduces aging and cell death in stem cells by boosting SIRT1 and lowering PARP1.

Young women with PCOS and no other heart risk factors have normal heart function.