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The document explains how the male reproductive system works, its role in making testosterone, and how conditions like obesity can disrupt it, leading to low testosterone and fertility issues.

Men with coeliac disease may have hormone imbalances that could affect sexual function, but these can improve with better gut health.

Hormonal treatment in transgender women reduces semen quality, but stopping treatment may improve it.

Androgen receptors are key for development and health, affecting conditions like prostate cancer and male pattern baldness.

Kennedy's disease leads to muscle weakness and sensory issues, has no cure but manageable symptoms, and future treatments look promising.

Products should be called 'sperm-safe' only after thorough, well-designed tests.

Some dermatological medications can impair male fertility, so consult a doctor before trying to conceive.

The length of the CAG repeat in the androgen receptor gene affects the risk and progression of prostate cancer, BPH, infertility, and undermasculinized genitalia.

COVID-19 might affect male fertility, but more research is needed to understand the full impact.

Gonadal dysgenesis, like Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes, negatively affects bone health, but hormone treatments can help.

Cyclophosphamide has serious side effects, but long-term follow-up can help manage risks.

Using steroids can increase the risk of heart problems.

DHT's role in hair loss is important, but measuring its level for diagnosis is questionable.

5-alpha reductase inhibitors slightly increase the risk of sexual and mood side effects, and breast growth in men.

Hormone therapy for transgender females increases the risk of blood clots and requires careful dosing, monitoring, and lifelong management.

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome tend to have a longer anogenital distance.

Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome often causes sexual development issues, hair loss, learning disabilities, deafness, muscle contractions, limb pain, and diabetes.

Testing for CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene is not currently recommended for managing hypogonadism.

Reproductive gynecologists are the main referrers for male infertility evaluations in North America.

Using anabolic androgenic steroids can cause serious, lasting health problems in many parts of the body.

Testosterone therapy aims to treat hormone deficiencies and various conditions safely and effectively, but requires careful patient monitoring due to potential side effects.

Skin-derived stem cells can become various cell types, including germ cell-like and oocyte-like cells.

New male hormonal contraceptives show promise but need more research on long-term effects and funding for larger trials.

Testosterone may have a dual role in COVID-19, potentially worsening outcomes in men, and testosterone therapy could help some patients, but more research is needed.

The conclusion suggests that PCOS may persist due to genetic traits that, while harmful for female fertility, could have provided survival and reproductive benefits to males.

Hydroxychloroquine showed some potential, but overall, the three drugs had limited success in treating lupus in dogs.

The research explains how a human enzyme binds and processes its substrate, which could relate to its role in biological functions and hair loss.

Finasteride causes lasting fertility decrease in rats.

Wait 3 months after COVID-19 before trying assisted reproduction and further research is needed on COVID-19's effects on male hormones and fertility.

Some skin medications can harm male fertility, but they don't seem to cause birth defects from father's exposure.