May 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” In this study, researchers developed a polyherbal antidandruff shampoo using medicinal plant extracts and found it exhibited significant antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, including activity against bacteria and fungi linked to scalp infections, suggesting it as a natural alternative to synthetic shampoos.
May 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This study found that the polyherbal anti-dandruff shampoo formulated from medicinal plants like Azadirachta indica and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis demonstrated significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, including effects against dandruff-causing microorganisms, suggesting it could be a natural alternative to synthetic shampoos.
December 2025 in “Indian Journal of Case Reports” This case report highlights an unusual instance of azathioprine potentially triggering rapid alopecia areata and bone marrow suppression in a patient with chronic spontaneous urticaria, with improvement seen after stopping the drug.
This study highlights that azelaic acid, initially recognized for skin hypopigmentation, shows potential in treating various skin conditions due to its complex mechanisms, even though these are not yet fully understood, indicating a need for further research.
July 2025 in “Clinical Dermatology Review” This report presents a rare case where a patient with chronic urticaria developed alopecia areata during azathioprine therapy, accompanied by bone marrow suppression; these effects resolved after stopping the medication, suggesting a possible link between azathioprine and autoimmune activation despite its intended immunosuppressive use.
This case report details a 45-year-old woman with SLE who experienced severe leukopenia and hair loss attributed to azathioprine, suggesting the importance of recognizing these potential adverse effects for timely intervention.
May 2025 in “International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)” In this case report, azathioprine induced sudden hair loss and pancytopenia in a 42-year-old female patient, but discontinuing the drug and providing supportive care resulted in complete recovery and hair regrowth within 2.5 months.
April 2025 in “Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences” This study demonstrated that weekly azathioprine pulse therapy was more effective than betamethasone oral mini-pulse in promoting hair regrowth in patients with moderate to severe alopecia areata.
April 2025 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” In this study, researchers found that azathioprine significantly improved hair regrowth in patients with moderate to severe alopecia areata over 10 years, with hair loss decreasing from 74.2% to 5.2% and demonstrating long-term safety and efficacy.
November 2024 in “Rheumatology Advances in Practice” This case report highlights the significance of alopecia totalis and knuckle pad hyperpigmentation as early indicators of azathioprine-induced myelosuppression and pancytopenia.
June 2024 in “International journal of nanomedicine” This study highlights that current research efforts to deliver anti-acne drugs to hair follicles have primarily targeted healthy follicles, overlooking the distinct characteristics of pathologically clogged follicles in acne vulgaris.
April 2024 in “International journal of research in dermatology” In this report, researchers document a rare case of a 16-year-old female on azathioprine presenting with both anagen effluvium and plica neuropathica, highlighting a unique instance of overlapping hair conditions potentially linked to medication use.
April 2024 in “Journal of clinical medicine” This review discusses the diverse cutaneous manifestations of lupus erythematosus and emphasizes the importance of differential diagnosis for effective management, but reports no new clinical findings.
January 2024 in “Journal of Clinical Rheumatology and Immunology” In this case report, researchers described a severe case of myelosuppression and alopecia totalis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus following azathioprine treatment, highlighting the importance of monitoring for these uncommon side effects.
December 2023 in “Siriraj Medical Journal” This study found that 5% azelaic acid solution and 2% minoxidil solution both significantly increased hair density and shaft diameter in women with FPHL, with no significant differences between them.
May 2023 in “Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders” This review describes the diverse pharmacological and phytochemical properties of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, noting its wide range of traditional medicinal uses and safety at higher extract doses.
May 2023 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Research” This article reviews the extensive pharmacological applications of various parts of the neem plant, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects, and reports no adverse effects except for allergic reactions, concluding neem is broadly beneficial with numerous medicinal and cosmetic uses.
November 2022 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology” This case report describes a 52-year-old woman with erythema annulare centrifugum after using topical luliconazole and oral itraconazole, suggesting a drug-induced reaction confirmed by a positive rechallenge test.
October 2022 in “International journal of dermatology and venereology” This case report describes novel trichoscopic features of anagen effluvium caused by azathioprine in a patient with normal TPMT levels, emphasizing the importance of regular monitoring for adverse effects.
October 2022 in “The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine” This review examines the potential roles of azathioprine and methotrexate in treating alopecia areata, concluding that both can be effective as monotherapy or in combination therapy.
July 2022 in “المجلة العراقية للصيدلة” This study reported that topical azelaic acid cream 20% demonstrated statistically significant efficacy in treating localized alopecia areata of the scalp over 12 weeks, comparable to topical clobetasol ointment 0.05%, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic option.
July 2022 in “Al-Mağallaẗ al-ʻirāqiyyaẗ li-l-ṣaydalaẗ” In this study, topical azelaic acid cream 20% was observed to show acceptable efficacy for treating localized alopecia areata of the scalp, offering a potential therapeutic alternative to topical clobetasol ointment 0.05%.
June 2022 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This study evaluated a hydrogel containing extracts from azadirachta indica and tridax procumbens for treating seborrheic dermatitis, finding it passed various tests, including skin irritation and stability, suggesting potential future applications in herbal formulations.
March 2022 in “Nepal Journal of Dermatology Venereology & Leprology” In this prospective clinical trial, azathioprine with steroid minipulse therapy and methotrexate with steroid minipulse therapy both improved hair regrowth in alopecia areata patients, but methotrexate showed slightly higher efficacy.
March 2022 in “Journal of health sciences and medicine” This study found that azelaic acid at all tested concentrations showed anti-Demodex efficacy similar to 5% permethrin, with no statistically significant differences between the treatments.
October 2019 in “Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatologists” This study evaluated azathioprine in treating alopecia areata and found that it was effective for 77.4% of patients, significantly reducing SALT scores after 6 months of treatment, with safety monitored through regular testing.
January 2019 in “Journal of Case Reports and Scientific Images” This case report describes the treatment of a 12-year-old female with Alopecia Areata using oral azathioprine.
April 2018 in “International journal of innovative research in medical science” In this randomized controlled clinical study, researchers found that Neem and Zanjabeel treatment was as effective as standard hormonal therapy in reducing hirsutism and improving biochemical and hormonal parameters in women with polycystic ovarian disease, while also significantly lowering fasting insulin and lipid levels.
April 2017 in “Childhood Kidney Diseases” This case report describes severe myelosuppression and alopecia totalis in a 10-year-old boy after azathioprine treatment for IgA nephropathy, which resolved after stopping the drug and receiving granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
This review explores the synthesis and potential of azasteroids as novel drugs, discussing challenges in their production and reporting no new clinical results.