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This study found that in androgenic alopecia, the arrector pili muscle degenerates and is replaced by fat, unlike in normal skin or telogen effluvium.

This review summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the arrector pili muscle and discusses its potential role in hair loss disorders, reporting no new clinical results.

This study describes the anatomy of arrector pili muscles in scalp hair follicular units, proposing a model where a single muscle structure is shared by all follicles within a unit.

This study found that loss of contact between the arrector pili muscle and the hair follicle bulge may explain why hair loss in male and female pattern baldness is largely irreversible, unlike in alopecia areata.

This study suggests that the anchorage of the arrector pili muscle to the extracellular matrix is likely mediated by α5β1 integrin, with α1β1 integrin involved in muscle cell-cell adhesion.

This study revealed that in androgenic alopecia, the proximal attachment of the arrector pili muscle to the hair follicle is often lost or significantly reduced.

This study reports that transplanted mouse hair follicles restored piloerection ability and connected properly with host tissues, suggesting potential for advanced hair restoration therapies.

This study found that elastic fibre arrangements in the skin of domesticated mammals vary with hair density, with densely-haired species having horizontal fibres and sparsely-haired ones exhibiting a sponge-like system.

This study discovered that adipose tissue infiltration at the isthmus level appears significantly more often in frontal fibrosing alopecia cases compared to controls, suggesting a potential role in the condition's pathology.

This study found that epidermal stem cells in nonglabrous skin are connected to the distal end of the arrector pili muscle, which may play a role in epidermal renewal and wound healing.

This study found that individuals with heterozygous truncation-type variants in the *DSP* gene exhibit lower skin temperature and higher transepidermal water loss, with specific microscopic skin changes and pseudomonilethrix.

This study found that a shampoo with a selective TAAR agonist reduced hair shedding during brushing by 31% in women and contracted the arrector pili muscle.

This study identified a novel microscopic "arrow sign" in hair root sheaths of patients on EGFR inhibitors, potentially aiding in diagnosing related hair changes and differentiating from fungal infections.

This study describes how arrector pili muscles form a single muscular structure shared by all hair follicles within a follicular unit at the isthmus level in scalp skin.

In this study, researchers developed a three-dimensional ultrastructural analysis tool using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy to reveal detailed nerve networks and muscle structures in human skin tissues, demonstrating the technique's potential to study structural changes in aging or disease.

In this study, low-dose oral minoxidil for androgenetic alopecia was generally safe, showing small average changes in blood pressure and heart rate with infrequent cardiovascular issues, though monitoring is essential, especially in patients with conditions like hypertension or arrhythmias.

This study found that minoxidil and finasteride, commonly used for androgenetic alopecia, were associated with different arrhythmia profiles in adverse event reports: minoxidil predominantly with supraventricular arrhythmias and finasteride primarily with ventricular arrhythmias in men.

This study found that male patients with androgenetic alopecia exhibited signs of increased arrhythmia risk, such as higher P-wave dispersion and lower corrected QT interval on ECG, suggesting potential benefits from closer cardiac monitoring.

In this research, the author hypothesizes that curly hair is influenced by the contraction of the Arrector Pili muscle, suggesting that its relaxation through specific treatments could potentially modulate hair follicle curvature, but further studies are needed to confirm this mechanism.

This study hypothesizes that the curling of hair may result from the contraction of the Arrector Pili Muscle, contributing to the diverse types of curly hair.

This study hypothesizes that curly hair is shaped by the contraction of the Arrector Pili Muscle within the follicle, potentially modifiable through muscle-relaxing treatments, but further research is needed to confirm this mechanism.

This study presents additional data suggesting that the absence of nerve endings in certain segments of human hair follicles influences the asymmetrical distribution of electrical charges, as indicated by no precipitation of Potassium Ferricyanide crystals.

This study reports that a new topical solution, AB-102, containing a high concentration of a weak α1 agonist, significantly reduces hair shedding during brushing by up to 77% without causing cardiac or hemodynamic adverse events.

This study found that arrector pili muscles formed by Sonic Hedgehog signaling play a critical role in maintaining sympathetic nerve connections to hair follicle stem cells, influencing hair regeneration, with implications for hair loss treatments.

This research found that feather pattern formation in birds is regulated by a mechanochemical system involving fibroblast growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein signaling, which is altered in the flightless emu and ostrich.

Alopecia areata is caused by an immune response, and targeting immune cells might help treat it.

This review discusses advancements in the use of microneedle arrays and nanoparticles for transdermal delivery of therapeutics, noting challenges in overcoming the skin barrier and summarizing recent clinical trial achievements in areas like cancer therapy and gene therapy.

This study found that a microneedle array patch using a blend of kangfuxin, chitosan, and fucoidan significantly accelerated wound healing in rats by enhancing epithelial thickness and collagen deposition.

This study describes the development of microneedle array patches for finasteride that released the drug over 7 to 14 days in vitro, suggesting a potential alternative to oral treatments for long-term management of benign prostatic hyperplasia and androgenic alopecia.

This study found that using a non-invasive multielectrode array for gene electrotransfer in hairless guinea pigs increased gene expression in the epidermis significantly, with minimal skin changes observed.