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2011 dermatological research found new skin aging markers, hair loss causes, skin defense mechanisms, and potential for new treatments.

Minoxidil may help reduce aging effects in brain cells.

Hair loss in Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is due to altered cell sensitivity to hormones, not increased hormone levels. Hair growth periods shorten over time, causing hair to become thinner and shorter. This is linked to miscommunication between cell pathways in hair follicles. There's also a change in gene expression related to blood vessels and cell growth in balding hair follicles. The exact molecular causes of AGA are still unclear.

Different types of fibroblasts play specific roles in wound healing and cancer, which could help improve treatments.

Skin problems are common in lupus, often appearing first, with various types and treatments, and careful monitoring is important for diagnosis and management.

Use telemedicine and strict hygiene for safe hair and scalp treatments during COVID-19.

PCOS is a genetic disorder affecting women's reproductive health, with treatments focused on symptoms like insulin resistance and fertility.

Inflammasome proteins can indicate the severity and treatment response of various diseases and injuries.

New drugs for Alzheimer's and rheumatoid arthritis advanced, a Zika vaccine is in development, and there were business deals in anesthesia and oncology.

The document concludes that better targeted treatments are needed for wound healing, and single-cell technologies may improve cell-based therapies.

Rosacea is a skin condition with unclear causes, classified into four subtypes.

Obesity affects skin health, causing conditions like acanthosis nigricans and may require different treatment approaches.

Human skin can make serotonin and melatonin, which help protect and maintain it.

Manage vitiligo with treatments, address emotions, and use camouflage techniques.

Teriflunomide helps reduce multiple sclerosis symptoms and is safe for most patients.

TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

JAK inhibitors are effective in treating various immune-related diseases, not just rheumatoid arthritis.

Guidelines suggest various treatments for alopecia areata, but leaving it untreated is also an option as 80% cases may recover on their own.

Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.

Alopecia areata is likely an autoimmune disease with unclear triggers, involving various immune cells and molecules, and currently has no cure.

Regulatory T-cells are important for healing and regenerating tissues in various organs by controlling immune responses and aiding stem cells.

Alopecia areata involves immune activation in the scalp, suggesting treatments targeting TH1, TH2, and IL-23 pathways.

Stress-related substance P may lead to hair loss and negatively affect hair growth.

Keratinocytes help heal skin wounds by interacting with immune cells and producing substances that kill pathogens.

Stress can stop hair growth in mice, and treatments can reverse this effect.

Janus kinase inhibitors are promising treatments for autoimmune skin diseases like eczema and psoriasis.

JAK inhibitors help with skin conditions but need more research on dosing and safety.

Men, especially older ones with health issues like prostate cancer, may have worse COVID-19 outcomes and could benefit from therapies targeting male hormones.

Lowering testosterone speeds up wound healing in male mice.

The document concludes that certain genetic mutations and dietary factors are involved in acne development, and treatments like isotretinoin and diet changes can help manage it.