September 2023 in “Medicine” This study found increased infiltration of specific immune cells, such as γδ T cells and CD8+ T cells, in the bald scalp of male androgenetic alopecia patients, and identified four key immune-related genes potentially involved in hair loss development through interferon-γ signaling pathways.
48 citations
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February 2008 in “Nutrition in Clinical Practice” This article reviews dietary recommendations for managing polycystic ovary syndrome and provides evidence that diet changes can improve the androgen profile in affected women, but it reports no new clinical results.
7 citations
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June 2020 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” This study evaluated potential penile vascular changes and persistent adverse effects in men discontinuing 5α-reductase inhibitors for androgenic alopecia, but no new clinical results were reported.
January 2020 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” This study evaluated the persistent adverse effects of 5α-reductase inhibitors in men previously treated for androgenic alopecia and highlighted issues with sexual, genitourinary, physical, psychiatric, cognitive, and androgenic health.
3 citations
,
June 1981 in “PubMed” This article reviews the skin changes that can occur with hormonal contraceptive use and highlights various mechanisms and potential treatment strategies but reports no new clinical results.
January 2014 in “Journal of Pigmentary Disorders” This review discusses age-related and environmental factors affecting scalp hair changes in women, highlighting diagnostic complexities and ongoing research into targeted treatments, without reporting new clinical results.
In this study, bicalutamide at low doses was not linked to significant liver enzyme changes compared to other androgen-blocking treatments in transfeminine adolescents and young adults, suggesting its safety with careful monitoring for this population over one year.
90 citations
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July 2009 in “PTR. Phytotherapy research/Phytotherapy research” In this study, spearmint tea significantly reduced testosterone levels and improved self-reported hirsutism in women with PCOS, but did not change objective hair growth scores over the short trial period.
May 2024 in “Journal of molecular structure” This study found that a novel thiohydantoin derivative, 3a, effectively inhibited androgen receptor activity in LNCaP cells and showed promising in vivo results by reducing testosterone-induced prostate changes, outperforming finasteride in mitigating prostate index and histopathological alterations.
23 citations
,
February 2021 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” This review discusses the impact of COVID-19 on the endocrine system and reports no clinical results; the authors emphasize the need to investigate endocrine damage during and after COVID-19 infection.
November 2011 in “Informa Healthcare eBooks” Environmental, chemical, mechanical, and personal health factors can all damage hair and contribute to hair loss or changes in hair quality.
This abstract discusses the psychological impact of androgenic alopecia in women and reports no new clinical results.
September 1998 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This review summarizes major surveys on Behcet's disease, highlighting its systemic manifestations, with primary morbidity linked to ocular involvement causing severe vision loss or blindness.
9 citations
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October 2018 in “Medical Science Monitor” In this study, oral finasteride therapy was associated with decreased DHT levels and improved hair loss severity in young male AGA patients, while hormonal changes influenced the curative effect.
January 2017 in “CommonKnowledge Research Repository (Pacific University Oregon)” This review suggests spearmint tea may lower androgenic hormones in women with hirsutism and related symptoms, though longer treatment and follow-up may be needed for noticeable improvements.
27 citations
,
January 2002 in “Exogenous Dermatology” In this study, researchers reported that chronic UV exposure may contribute to androgenic alopecia progression by influencing hair cycle changes and exacerbating solar elastosis in the scalp.
5 citations
,
January 1984 in “Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynecology/Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology” This study found that treatment with cyproterone acetate and ethinylestradiol in hirsute women reduced testosterone and androstenedione levels, decreased hair growth, and increased cortisol levels without changing catecholamine excretion.
July 2026 in “Journal of Ovarian Research” In this review, researchers provided a comprehensive analysis of anti-androgen therapies for polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS/PCOS), examining their efficacy and safety while proposing a phenotype-guided management framework and highlighting research gaps, such as long-term cardiovascular safety and predictive biomarkers.
15 citations
,
January 2009 in “International Journal of Andrology” This study found that an alcoholic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra significantly reduced prostate weight and serum testosterone in castrated rats given testosterone, indicating potential antiandrogenic properties.
1 citations
,
January 2022 in “European Journal of Pharmacology” In this study, FMN was found to inhibit androgen receptor function and androgen-regulated gene expression in prostate cancer cells, suggesting potential as an antiandrogen therapy.
1 citations
,
December 2019 in “Dermatologic Therapy” This article explores whether it's possible to stop the progression of male androgenetic alopecia without using antiandrogenic drugs and reports no new clinical findings.
9 citations
,
January 2018 in “American Journal of Men's Health” This study analyzed self-reports from discussion forums to categorize and understand adverse effects experienced by individuals using finasteride, suggesting a need for further investigation into post-finasteride syndrome.
25 citations
,
March 2004 in “Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology” Using testosterone-stimulated weanling rats can effectively replace castrated rats for anti-androgen testing, reducing animal stress.
45 citations
,
August 2019 in “Dermatologic Therapy” This review discusses the physiopathology of androgenetic alopecia and evaluates various traditional and emerging treatments, reporting no new clinical results but highlighting the need for enhanced treatment strategies.
March 2026 in “Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets” This study found that in women with PCOS, a combination of finasteride and spironolactone significantly improved all health-related quality of life scales and reduced hyperandrogenism within four months, supporting its role alongside lifestyle measures.
September 2023 in “Gynäkologische Endokrinologie” This review discusses how the hormonal changes of menopause affect skin and hair, highlighting improvements in skin symptoms like dryness and reduced wound healing with estrogen supplementation, and advises healthcare providers to consider broader potential benefits of menopausal hormone therapy when consulting patients.
November 2004 in “Medical Journal of Indonesia” This review discusses the impact of hormonal changes on female skin and hair loss and suggests that antiandrogenic treatments may help mitigate these effects, but reports no new clinical results.
10 citations
,
February 2019 in “Toxicological Sciences” This study reports that chemically induced short anogenital distance in male rat fetuses involved distinctive transcriptional changes, suggesting roles for estrogen and Wnt2 signaling in anogenital tissue development.
April 2025 in “Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine” In this study, the analysis of PCOS subreddit data revealed that lifestyle changes and supplements were perceived positively for managing PCOS symptoms, while contraceptives were often linked with negative experiences, except when they included anti-androgenic progestins.
September 2002 in “Comprehensive Therapy” Primary care is key in managing PCOS, focusing on lifestyle changes and medications like birth control and metformin.