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This chapter discusses androgen receptors and protein synthesis in the prostate, reporting that DHT-dependent receptor protein translocation increases protein-synthesizing activity after androgen injection in rat models.

This case report describes a 65-year-old postmenopausal woman with hyperandrogenism caused by a non-malignant ovarian Leydig cell tumor, which is a rare cause of virilization.

In this study, transgenic male mice over-expressing the androgen receptor in mesenchymal stem cells showed reduced fat mass and improved glucose clearance, suggesting enhanced androgen sensitivity may alter body composition.

Testosterone in older women can increase bone density, muscle mass, fat mass, improve memory, and boost libido, but may cause nipple color changes.

This study's model suggests that low androgen levels can increase selection for prostate cancer phenotypes resistant to hormonal therapy, potentially leading to more aggressive forms of cancer.

This study found that men with early-onset androgenetic alopecia and certain risk factors may have worse gonadal steroidogenesis and an increased likelihood of developing gonadal dysfunction, suggesting a male equivalent of polycystic ovarian syndrome.

This case study highlights the complexity of managing PCOS and its symptoms in transmen, suggesting hormonal fluctuations may lead to symptomatic relief with low dose estradiol.

In this review, the authors highlight that drugs promoting androgenic activity or inhibiting estrogenic activity may unmask or worsen androgenetic alopecia in genetically predisposed individuals, indicating the need for careful management in clinical settings.

This review examines various androgen deprivation therapy methods for advanced prostate cancer, highlighting benefits and potential cardiovascular and sexual adverse effects, but reports no new clinical results.

This study reports that various antiandrogen therapies, including spironolactone and finasteride, effectively address hirsutism, acne, androgenic alopecia, and ovulatory dysfunction in hyperandrogenic women and are generally well tolerated.

This report describes a complex case of postmenopausal hyperandrogenism with virilization and concurrent rare ovarian tumors, highlighting the critical role of interdisciplinary collaboration in diagnosing and managing such challenging scenarios.

A woman's hyperandrogenism was caused by a genetic mutation leading to non-classic adrenogenital syndrome.

This article discusses the role of dihydrotestosterone in human prostatic adenocarcinoma growth and suggests that 6-methyleneprogesterone could be used to inhibit DHT for treating hormone-responsive prostate cancer, without new clinical findings.

This review discusses hormonal manipulation for conditions like prostatic disorders and skin issues and highlights promising treatments like casodex and finasteride, but it reports no new clinical results.

This narrative review discusses the initiation and monitoring of gender-affirming hormone therapy in Australia, noting standard testosterone use for trans men and estradiol with anti-androgens for trans women, emphasizing the importance of monitoring cardiovascular and bone health.

This study suggests 5α‐androstan‐3α‐17β‐diol may be the true inducer of kidney enzymes in certain mice, while its induction mechanism likely involves pinocytosis rather than a receptor protein.

This case report presents a rare instance of an ovarian steroid cell tumor in a 68-year-old female with virilism, which normalized androgen levels following surgical removal.

This study found that systemic testosterone exposure in transgender individuals with XX genotype alters skin biology, increasing androgen and estrogen receptor-positive cells, collagen density, and fibronectin expression while reducing immune cells, which could affect surgical outcomes by promoting a male skin phenotype.

This review discusses the cosmetic and health implications of hirsutism and highlights its potential link to serious underlying disorders, but it presents no new clinical findings.

This study found that pregnancies with gestational diabetes in a Midwestern U.S. cohort demonstrated elevated androgen levels compared to healthy controls, suggesting a common relationship between impaired glucose tolerance and hyperandrogenemia across diverse ethnic backgrounds.

This article argues that androgen sensitivity could be a key factor in the severity of COVID-19, suggesting that trials with anti-androgen agents may be warranted.

This study highlights how sex steroids affect hair growth, reporting that testosterone used in masculinizing hormone therapy can lead to androgenetic alopecia in transgender individuals, while feminizing hormone therapy with estradiol and antiandrogens can reduce hirsutism.

This animal study observed that dihydrotestosterone increased arterial stiffness and decreased estrogen receptor expression in female mice, potentially impacting cardiovascular health in contexts of androgen use.

In this case series, the authors reported that postmenopausal hyperandrogenism should be carefully evaluated to diagnose potential androgen-secreting tumors, with Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors identified as a common cause.

This case report describes a postmenopausal woman with virilization linked to ovarian stromal hyperthecosis, highlighting the importance of detailed clinical evaluation and complementary testing for accurate diagnosis and treatment.