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The skin acts like an endocrine organ, producing hormones that affect various body functions and skin health, and understanding this can lead to new treatments.

A toddler with a rare adrenal gland tumor causing male-like physical changes was successfully treated with surgery.

Growth hormone levels affect hair growth and loss, with too much causing excess hair and too little leading to hair loss.

Adult acne is often related to hormonal disorders, especially in women, and may need long-term treatment involving specialists.

Obesity leads to physical, metabolic, reproductive issues, higher healthcare costs, and mental health problems.

The main prostate diseases in dogs are benign growth, infections, and cancer, with various treatments ranging from drugs to surgery, but cancer treatments have limited success.

Scientists have improved 3D models of human skin for research and medical uses, but still face challenges in perfectly replicating real skin.

AGA in children needs careful diagnosis due to low androgen levels and possible other causes.

Using GnRHa agonists helps diagnose and treat ovarian hyperthecosis when surgery isn't possible.

Dietary changes, including weight loss and a balanced diet, are important for managing PCOS, especially in overweight women.

PSA levels are higher in women with PCOS, but FAI is a more accurate marker for diagnosis.

A 12-year-old girl with very high testosterone and insulin resistance improved with birth control pills, suggesting PCOS can cause high testosterone without tumors.

The document concludes that more multidisciplinary research is needed to understand and treat PCOS, a condition that significantly affects women's health and quality of life.

Metformin improves hair growth and menstrual frequency in women with PCOS and hirsutism.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition in women that can cause metabolic, reproductive, and psychological issues, and requires lifestyle changes and medication for management.

Lipocalin-2 levels are higher in women with PCOS and may indicate insulin resistance.

N-acetylcysteine was more effective and had fewer side effects than metformin for improving insulin resistance in women with PCOS.

Some lesser-known causes of PCOS include autoimmune issues, genetic mutations, and changes in the body's microbiome.

A PET-CT scan successfully located a hard-to-find Leydig cell tumor in a woman with hormonal symptoms.

Hormone imbalances can cause specific skin changes, which may help in early detection of endocrine disorders.

The document concludes that treating androgen excess needs patience, managing expectations is important, and many drugs used are not officially approved, suggesting cosmetic options for mild cases.

Androgen receptor signaling causes early aging of cells important for hair growth by damaging their DNA.

Testosterone therapy can help women with androgen deficiency by improving energy, sex drive, and bone health with few side effects.

Doctors used a special blood sampling technique to diagnose a woman's rare ovarian tumor that was producing male hormones.

Hormonal contraceptives can help treat acne by affecting sebum production and androgen levels.

Hair loss in elderly women is often caused by various factors, including hormonal changes after menopause.

The document concludes that the 5 alpha-reductase enzymes are important in steroid metabolism and related to various human diseases, with inhibitors used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and prostate issues.

The document concludes that more research is needed to fully understand the causes of PCOS.

Hormones, especially androgens, play a key role in causing acne, and treatments like hormone control pills and hormone-blocking medications can help.

Lifestyle changes can improve body composition, excess male hormone levels, and insulin resistance in women with PCOS.