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Diagnosing PCOS is challenging due to its complex and varied symptoms.

The document explains hair biology, the causes of hair loss, and reviews various hair loss treatments.

Androgens play a key role in hair growth and disorders like baldness and excessive hairiness.

Finasteride and minoxidil are effective for hair regrowth, while treatments for alopecia areata have varying success and continuous treatment is necessary.

More research is needed on the health effects of hormone therapy for transgender and nonbinary people.

The document concludes that transsexual individuals often experience improved quality of life after transitioning, despite higher risks of psychiatric issues and mortality.

Hormonal changes during and after pregnancy can cause hair growth changes and hair loss, with treatments available for some conditions.

Adults with polycystic ovary syndrome are much more likely to have obstructive sleep apnea.

Genetic defects in testosterone production can cause hormonal and developmental disorders, and more research is needed to understand androgen regulation and develop safer treatments.

Genetic counselors should be culturally skilled and aware of transgender patients' unique health risks and needs.

Women's hair gets thinner and grayer as they age, with treatments available for hair loss and graying.

The conclusion is that a combination of noninvasive treatments and lifestyle changes can improve skin health during menopause.

Right hand finger ratio may predict male hair loss.

The document concludes that individualized treatment and lifestyle changes are important for managing menopause symptoms and health risks.

Clinicians should use social and prescription data to track trends in performance-enhancing drug use.

Middle-aged women with PCOS often continue to experience symptoms related to high androgen levels, like unwanted hair growth.

Testosterone's effects on COVID-19 are unclear and need more research.

Hormone treatment for transgender patients may not need to be stopped before surgery, but more research is needed, especially on estrogen.

Hormonal therapy changes skin and hair in transgender patients, who need better researched dermatologic care.

Vitamin D deficiency is common in women with PCOS and linked to some metabolic problems, but not the main cause of their metabolic issues.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

Some hormone-related drugs may protect brain cells in Parkinson's disease differently in men and women.

Long-term estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women can improve certain health markers, hair loss is common regardless of hormone use, stopping estrogen doesn't increase breast cancer risk, smoking does, and a balanced BMI is linked to lower mortality.

Women with AGA have more androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone, less copper and zinc; copper imbalance affects AGA; treatment improves hormones and minerals.

The document concludes that non-operative treatment for gender dysphoria is safe and effective, and hormone therapy does not increase cancer risk.

The 18-year-old girl likely has a condition called müllerian agenesis, which caused her to not have a uterus and experience no menstrual periods.

Sex hormone treatments can increase muscle mass in older adults but have inconsistent effects on muscle function and may carry cardiovascular risks.

Finger length ratio may indicate male hair loss.

Current treatments for hair loss from chemotherapy are limited, but new methods are being researched.

Pediatric endocrinologists should provide early fertility counseling and preservation options to young patients at risk of infertility.