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The document concludes that the androgen receptor's structure and function are complex, affecting how it regulates genes and is involved in diseases like prostate cancer.

Estrogen Receptor ß (ERß) is the main hormone controller in human skin and hair follicles, not Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) or the Androgen Receptor (AR).

Antiandrogens have important biological effects, but more research is needed to understand them fully and compare their effectiveness and side effects to other treatments.

Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause different levels of androgen insensitivity, making it hard to create simple tests for the condition.

Cells from balding scalps have more androgen receptors than cells from non-balding scalps.

Lowering testosterone speeds up wound healing in male mice.

Androgens can both promote and prevent hair growth due to differences in gene expression in hair follicles.

The length of the CAG repeat in the androgen receptor gene affects the risk and progression of prostate cancer, BPH, infertility, and undermasculinized genitalia.

Androgen conjugates might be better indicators of skin sensitivity to hormones in women with excessive hair growth.

The exact cause of increased 5α-reductase activity leading to hirsutism in women is still unknown.

Human hair growth is influenced by androgen hormones, and red deer mane follicles have similar hormone receptors.

Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome, affecting sexual development.

Scientists have developed a new method to detect steroid abuse in athletes using cell-based tests, which could be the future of anti-doping methods.

The conclusion is that while oral contraceptive pills are effective for PCOS-related high androgen levels, new treatments with fewer side effects are needed.

Male hormones control a specific gene in hamster skin, with different hormones having varying effects.

Researchers found a gene in hamsters that responds to male hormones and may be indirectly controlled by them.

Research from 2011 to 2020 shows androgen receptors could be key for prognosis and treatment in certain breast cancers.

Hormonal treatments can help with hair loss, acne, and excess hair growth, but it takes 3-6 months to see results and patients should know the possible side effects.

Different women's hair and skin glands respond to hormones in varied ways, which can cause unwanted hair growth even with normal hormone levels, and more research is needed to treat this effectively.

5α-reductase is essential for male sexual development and its inhibitors have potential in treating various conditions related to hormone action.

Two enzymes regulate androgen receptor activity, affecting treatments for androgen insufficiency and benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Certain genetic variations are linked to increased androgen levels in PCOS, but more research is needed to understand these connections fully.

Excessive androgen in women can cause acne, hair growth, baldness, and PCOS, often treatable with medication.

Obesity changes androgen levels in women with PCOS, leading to higher testosterone relative to androstenedione.

Genetic defects in testosterone production can cause hormonal and developmental disorders, and more research is needed to understand androgen regulation and develop safer treatments.

Both genes and environmental factors like chemicals may contribute to the increase in hypospadias, but the exact causes are still unclear.

Spironolactone may help reduce excessive hair growth in women with high male hormone levels.

Tamoxifen can cause total hair loss but its benefits outweigh this side effect.

DSDs are birth conditions causing unusual sex development, managed with personalized care and sometimes surgery, but still lack a standard treatment approach.

A 13-year-old with 46 XY DSD had ambiguous genitalia due to incomplete masculinization.