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The 2003 consensus updated PCOS diagnosis criteria and linked PCOS to higher risks of diabetes and heart problems, recommending lifestyle changes to lower these risks.

The guidelines recommend informed consent for gender-affirming treatments and stress the importance of personalized, culturally sensitive care for transgender individuals.

Experts agree that PCOS affects women's health in complex ways, but more research is needed to understand and treat it effectively.

The guideline suggests using specific criteria to diagnose PCOS, recommends various treatments for its symptoms, and advises screening for related health issues.

Melatonin affects many body functions beyond sleep by interacting with specific receptors in various tissues.

Testosterone therapy improves physical function, strength, and body composition in older men with low testosterone levels.

Anabolic steroids can build muscle and strength but have risks and need more research on their clinical benefits and side effects.

Coumarin derivatives show promise as anti-estrogenic agents for treating breast cancer, with some in clinical trials.

Polycystic ovary syndrome costs the U.S. over $4 billion a year, mainly from treating related health issues.

Obesity affects skin health, causing conditions like acanthosis nigricans and may require different treatment approaches.

The paper concludes that understanding melanocyte development can help in insights into skin diseases and melanoma diversity.

Human skin can make serotonin and melatonin, which help protect and maintain it.

The guide recommends specific methods for diagnosing PCOS and various treatments for its symptoms, while considering the health impacts on adolescents.

Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition causing hair loss, influenced by genetics, stress, and diet, and may be prevented by a high soy oil diet.

Chemicals and body size might change when puberty starts and progresses, but more research is needed to confirm this.

The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.

The Rotterdam Study aims to understand disease causes in the elderly and has found new risk factors and genetic influences on various conditions.

Creating stronger blockers for skin enzymes might lead to better treatment for conditions like acne and excessive hair growth.

PCOS is caused by both genetics and environmental factors like diet and obesity.

Minoxidil and finasteride treat hair loss in men, while minoxidil treats hair loss in women.

Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.

Alopecia areata is likely an autoimmune disease with unclear triggers, involving various immune cells and molecules, and currently has no cure.

Opioid painkillers can cause many side effects, including breathing problems and addiction, but are generally considered safe when used properly.

Lower doses of treatments for hirsutism and acne in PCOS are effective and cause fewer side effects.

Estrogens significantly influence hair growth by interacting with receptors in hair follicles and may help regulate the hair growth cycle.

Male pattern baldness involves genetics, hormones, and needs better treatments.

Male and female skin differ due to hormones, affecting conditions like hair loss, acne, and skin cancer, and suggesting a need for gender-specific treatments.

Effective treatments for male pattern baldness include oral finasteride and topical minoxidil, while topical minoxidil is best for female pattern baldness.

The document concludes that more research is needed to better understand and treat primary cicatricial alopecias, and suggests a possible reclassification based on molecular pathways.