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Protein tyrosine kinases are key in male pattern baldness, affecting skin structure, hair growth, and immune responses.

An elderly woman with cancer improved after treatment for a rare skin condition with coiled hairs.

Hair follicles are normally protected from the immune system, but when this protection fails, it can cause hair loss in alopecia areata.

Licorice has many health benefits but should be used carefully due to possible side effects.

NK cells play a role in skin diseases like eczema and psoriasis.

Tyrosine kinases are important in skin autoimmune diseases and could be targets for new treatments.

Probiotics show promise for health benefits but need more research to understand how they work.

New therapies are being developed that target integrin pathways to treat various diseases.

Minoxidil 2% and 5% are common treatments for female pattern hair loss, with other options including anti-androgens, oral contraceptives, and hair transplantation.

Lysophospholipids like LPA and S1P are important for hair growth, immune responses, and vascular development, and could be targeted for treating diseases.

Vitamin D is important for skin health and can help treat psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and vitiligo.

Direct vasodilators and sympatholytic agents are still useful for certain conditions despite being less common due to side effects and newer drugs.

Scalp inflammation can cause multiple hairs to grow from one follicle.

Genetic discoveries are leading to new treatments for alopecia areata.

Immune cells in Hidradenitis suppurativa become more inflammatory and may be important for treatment targets.

More research is needed on the health effects of hormone therapy for transgender and nonbinary people.

COVID-19 can cause various skin issues, like rashes and lesions, which are more common in younger patients and can be linked to more severe complications.

Cronkhite-Canada syndrome is a rare, non-inherited condition causing various symptoms like polyps, hair loss, and weight loss.

TLR4 is important in aging-related diseases and could be a new treatment target.

CO2 laser treatment for aging skin significantly changes immune system-related genes.

Pediatric endocrinologists should provide early fertility counseling and preservation options to young patients at risk of infertility.

Many patients with various medical conditions experience anxiety, which worsens their quality of life and raises healthcare costs.

Hair loss can cause stress and mental health issues, so treatments should address both the physical and psychological aspects, involving a team of dermatologists, psychologists, and hair specialists.

White blood cells and their traps can slow down the process of new hair growth after a wound.

Chronic scalp lesions with crusts and pus that heal with strong topical steroids suggest Erosive Pustular Dermatosis, confirmed by biopsy showing specific immune cells.

Some antiseizure medications can cause reversible hair loss, with valproate, lamotrigine, and carbamazepine being the most common.

ALRV5XR effectively increases hair density in men with androgenetic alopecia without adverse effects.

People with hair loss conditions may also have thyroid disorders, but more research is needed to understand the connection.

Microneedling with betamethasone led to almost complete hair regrowth in severe alopecia areata.

Patients with alopecia areata may have lower vitamin D levels than healthy people.