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The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

The 2003 consensus updated PCOS diagnosis criteria and highlighted increased risks of diabetes and heart disease for those affected.

The 2003 consensus updated PCOS diagnosis criteria and linked PCOS to higher risks of diabetes and heart problems, recommending lifestyle changes to lower these risks.

Chemotherapy in the first trimester of pregnancy is risky, but in the second and third trimesters, it's generally safe with careful drug selection and timing.

The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.

Patients need long-term care after bariatric surgery to manage potential nutritional and metabolic issues.

Low iron and L-lysine levels can cause hair loss in women, and increasing these nutrients can reduce hair shedding.

Some vitamins and minerals like vitamin D and iron can help with certain types of hair loss, but more research is needed for others.

Finasteride improves hair loss in women with hyperandrogenism.

PCOS starts in adolescence with hormonal issues, leading to adult health problems, and early treatment is crucial.

Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.

Iron deficiency common in women, not always linked to hair loss; more research needed.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is linked to higher risk of hypertension and heart disease.

Hormone imbalances can cause specific skin changes, which may help in early detection of endocrine disorders.

Women with PCOS are more likely to have insulin resistance and obesity, especially those with the most severe type I PCOS.

Excessive hair growth can be assessed by history, exam, and blood tests, and treated with medication like dexamethasone, birth control pills, and spironolactone.

Bariatric surgery may help severely obese teenagers but has risks and requires careful patient selection and long-term care.

Hair problems are common and distressing for women, but increasing knowledge of treatments offers hope.

Treat genetic hair loss early with FDA-approved medications and consider hair transplantation.

Androgens like testosterone are important hormones for both men and women, made differently in each sex and affecting the body by regulating genes and quick interactions with cell components.

Certain medications and maintaining adequate iron levels can help manage women's hair loss.

Most pregnant women experience skin changes like darkening and itching, while serious skin conditions are rare but need early treatment.

The document concludes that more research is needed to fully understand the causes of PCOS.

Skin diseases linked to insulin resistance should be managed to prevent diabetes and reduce heart disease risk.

The document concludes that treating female hair loss should target reducing excess androgen and blocking its effects on hair follicles, with the best treatments being hormonal therapy, adrenal suppression, and topical minoxidil.

Testosterone therapy seems safe for short-term use in postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but more research on long-term effects is needed.

Irregular menstrual cycles in exercising women may be linked to energy deficiency or hormonal imbalances, requiring careful diagnosis for proper treatment.

Hirsutism in women is often due to hormone sensitivity and has significant psychological effects.

Acne is a chronic skin condition not caused by poor hygiene or diet, and it requires long-term treatment and patient education.

Experts say proper treatment and sensitivity are important for women's facial skin issues like acne and unwanted hair.