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The April 2016 JEADV issue covered various dermatology topics, including psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, mTOR inhibitors, autoimmune diseases, photodynamic therapy, viral DNA in skin diseases, chronic hand eczema, and female hair loss.

Kerion, a scalp fungal infection, requires lab confirmation and is treated with antifungal medication and medicated shampoo.

A device was made in 2008 to measure hair loss severity. Other findings include: frizzy mutation in mice isn't related to Fgfr2, C/EBPx marks preadipocytes, Cyclosporin A speeds up hair growth in mice, blocking plasmin and metalloproteinases hinders healing, hyperbaric oxygen helps ischemic wound healing, amniotic membranes heal wounds better than polyurethane foam, rhVEGF165 from a fibrin matrix improves tissue flap viability and induces VEGF-R2 expression, and bFGF enhances wound healing and reduces scarring in rabbits.

Taking calcium may help elderly with osteoporosis, birth control with levonorgestrel doesn't increase heart attack risk, Salmonella can cause arthritis, a national ethics committee is recommended, and sulfasalazine might help with a hair loss condition.

Mice without the vitamin D receptor have bone issues and other health problems, suggesting vitamin D is important for preventing various diseases in humans.

The document concludes that better targeted treatments are needed for wound healing, and single-cell technologies may improve cell-based therapies.

Low-level Laser Therapy may help reduce inflammation, pain, and aid healing, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness and establish standard treatment guidelines.

PCOS is a complex condition with major health impacts, needing more research for better diagnosis and treatment.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

Male hormones may play a role in the development of heart disease, and more research is needed to understand their effects.

The European Society of Endocrinology advises individualized long-term management for PCOS, focusing on lifestyle changes, accurate diagnosis, and treatments for associated health risks and symptoms.

Improving artificial vascular grafts requires better materials and surface designs to reduce blood clotting and support blood vessel cell growth.

Polycystic ovary syndrome costs the U.S. over $4 billion a year, mainly from treating related health issues.

The guidelines suggest lifestyle changes, diet adjustments, and personalized medication to manage dyslipidemia and reduce heart disease risk.

Corticosteroids, especially prednisone, improve short-term muscle strength in Duchenne muscular dystrophy but have manageable side effects.

Myo-inositol supplements may improve insulin sensitivity and help with conditions like PCOS and gestational diabetes, but more research is needed.

The Rotterdam Study updated findings on elderly health, focusing on heart disease, genetics, lifestyle effects, and disease understanding.

Hair and nail cells share similar proteins, indicating a common differentiation pathway.

Calreticulin has roles in healing, immune response, and disease beyond its known functions in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Different types of fibroblasts play various roles in diseases and healing, and more research on them could improve treatments.

Stromal stem cells may help heal wounds by becoming structural cells or affecting the immune system, but more research is needed to understand how.

Lichen Planus is a less common condition affecting skin and mucous membranes, with various types and associated risk factors, challenging to diagnose, significantly impacts life quality, and may have a risk of cancerous changes in oral lesions.

The article suggests managing interferon beta therapy side effects in MS with dose adjustments, medications, and patient education.

Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions control hair growth cycles through specific molecular signals.

The Rotterdam Study aims to understand disease causes in the elderly and has found new risk factors and genetic influences on various conditions.

Growing human skin cells in a 3D environment can stimulate new hair growth.

The Rotterdam Study updated its design and objectives in 2012, providing insights into various diseases in the elderly, including skin cancer, bone health, liver disease, neurological and psychiatric conditions, and respiratory issues.

Patients need long-term care after bariatric surgery to manage potential nutritional and metabolic issues.

PCOS is caused by both genetics and environmental factors like diet and obesity.

Two main types of fibroblasts with unique functions and additional subtypes were identified in human skin.