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The enzyme 5α-reductase type 1 is important for blood vessel development and fertility in the uterus.

Beta-caryophyllene, found in essential oils, helps wounds heal better in multiple ways.

People with hair loss have more androgen receptors and enzymes in certain follicles, with men and women showing different patterns.

DHT, a testosterone byproduct, causes male pattern baldness.

The length of the CAG repeat in the androgen receptor gene affects the risk and progression of prostate cancer, BPH, infertility, and undermasculinized genitalia.

Some people experience severe, long-lasting side effects from fluoroquinolone antibiotics, leading to the recommendation of limited use and increased awareness of these risks.

5α reductase inhibitors treat hair loss but may cause sexual side effects and risks.

Postmenopausal women with hyperandrogenism didn't have better metabolic health even after their testosterone levels became normal.

The Rotterdam Study updated its design and objectives in 2012, providing insights into various diseases in the elderly, including skin cancer, bone health, liver disease, neurological and psychiatric conditions, and respiratory issues.

Finasteride reduces scalp DHT levels, potentially treating male pattern baldness.

Dapsone improved pustular psoriasis in patients who didn't respond to other treatments and is considered a well-tolerated option.

Oral contraceptives lower testosterone levels in women, especially those with certain genetic traits, and may be linked to increased breast cancer risk.

DHT affects hair follicle cells by changing microRNA levels, leading to less cell growth and more cell death.

Finasteride reduces dihydrotestosterone, increases testosterone, and may treat hirsutism in women.

Siblings with signs of virilization should be tested for non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which does not affect adult height but may impact fertility and well-being if untreated.

New treatments for PCOS focus on managing symptoms and improving fertility.

Alitretinoin may cause irreversible hair curling as a side effect.

Terbinafine is the most effective medicine for fungal nail infections, especially for diabetics and those with weak immune systems.

The update highlights that non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is common in women with excess male hormones, requires specific hormone tests for diagnosis, and has various treatment options depending on age and symptoms.

Excessive selenium from a supplement caused toxicity but patients recovered with care.

Different types of androgens bind differently to two receptors, AR1 and AR2, in Atlantic croaker's brain and ovarian tissues, suggesting these receptors may control different androgen actions in fish.

Early diagnosis and treatment of PCOS is crucial to reduce emotional distress and health risks.

Male hormones indirectly affect skin cell development by increasing growth factor levels from skin fibroblasts.

DHT is a strong androgen that may pose less risk to the prostate compared to testosterone.

Women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia have lower fertility, but with proper treatment, they can conceive successfully.

Women with acne have lower levels of a specific hormone marker than women without acne.

Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide is more effective than platelet-rich plasma for treating scalp alopecia areata.

The document concludes that combination therapy is most effective for treating excessive hair growth in women with idiopathic hirsutism, and more research is needed to understand the condition.

Doctors should prescribe cheaper, off-label medication and teach patients how to use it to save money ethically.

The 2018 ISPAN Meeting emphasized hands-on learning, patient safety, and professional growth in medical aesthetics and reconstructive practices.