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Glossary5α-reductase (5-alpha-reductase)

enzyme converting testosterone into potent dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

5α-reductase is an enzyme that converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a more potent androgen hormone. This enzyme plays a significant role in various biological processes, including the development of male characteristics and the regulation of hair growth. Inhibitors of 5α-reductase, such as finasteride, are commonly used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and benign prostatic hyperplasia.

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research The 5 Alpha-Reductase Isozyme Family: A Review of Basic Biology and Their Role in Human Diseases

218 citations , January 2012 in “Advances in Urology”

The document concludes that the 5 alpha-reductase enzymes are important in steroid metabolism and related to various human diseases, with inhibitors used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and prostate issues.

research Structure of human type II 5 alpha-reductase gene.

124 citations , September 1992 in “Endocrinology”

The human type II 5α-reductase gene, linked to certain male health conditions, has a specific structure and low similarity to other related genes.

research Nonsteroidal inhibitors of human type I steroid 5-.alpha.-reductase

89 citations , February 1993 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry”

New compounds called benzoquinolinones may treat conditions linked to excess DHT.

research Comparison of Finasteride (Proscar®) and Serenoa repens (Permixon®) in the Inhibition of 5-Alpha Reductase in Healthy Male Volunteers

73 citations , January 1994 in “European Urology”

Finasteride works better than Permixon in reducing dihydrotestosterone levels.

research Effects of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors on erectile function, sexual desire and ejaculation

71 citations , November 2012 in “Expert Opinion on Drug Safety”

5-alpha reductase inhibitors can cause sexual side effects like erectile dysfunction and reduced sexual desire, sometimes lasting after stopping the drug.

research Finasteride: A slow-binding 5.alpha.-reductase inhibitor

70 citations , June 1993 in “Biochemistry”

Finasteride slowly binds to 5-alpha-reductase, affecting enzyme stability and inhibitor potency.

research Effects of finasteride, a type 2 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, on fetal development in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)

67 citations , February 1997 in “Teratology”

Finasteride, when given in high oral doses to pregnant monkeys, caused genital abnormalities in male fetuses, but not in female fetuses or those exposed to intravenous finasteride.

The effect of finasteride, a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, on scalp skin testosterone and dihydrotestosterone concentrations in patients with male pattern baldness.

research The effect of finasteride, a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, on scalp skin testosterone and dihydrotestosterone concentrations in patients with male pattern baldness.

59 citations , September 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism”

Finasteride reduces scalp DHT levels, potentially treating male pattern baldness.

research 5 Alpha-reductase inhibitors: whatʼs new?

47 citations , January 2003 in “Current opinion in urology”

A new drug, dutasteride, is at least as effective as the older drug, finasteride, for treating enlarged prostate and may have additional uses.

research 5-Alpha reductase deficiency

38 citations , December 2014 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity”

5-alpha reductase deficiency leads to male sexual development issues and treatments like finasteride help with prostate enlargement and hair loss.

research 5‐alpha‐reductase inhibitors are associated with reduced frequency of COVID‐19 symptoms in males with androgenetic alopecia

36 citations , April 2021 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors may reduce COVID-19 symptoms in bald males.

research A Review of the FAERS Data on 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors: Implications for Postfinasteride Syndrome

35 citations , October 2018 in “Urology”

The review suggests younger men taking 1 mg finasteride report more side effects, including sexual, skin, metabolic, and psychological issues.

research Side Effects of 5‐Alpha Reductase Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review

35 citations , May 2013 in “Sexual medicine reviews”

5-alpha reductase inhibitors slightly increase the risk of sexual and mood side effects, and breast growth in men.

Hair growth effects of oral administration of finasteride, a steroid 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, alone and in combination with topical minoxidil in the balding stumptail macaque.

research Hair growth effects of oral administration of finasteride, a steroid 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, alone and in combination with topical minoxidil in the balding stumptail macaque.

34 citations , February 1992 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism”

Finasteride and minoxidil together promote hair growth better than either alone.

research Investigation of the Plausibility of 5-Alpha-Reductase Inhibitor Syndrome

33 citations , January 2016 in “Skin appendage disorders”

The document concludes that sexual and psychiatric side effects from 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors are reported, but more high-quality research is needed to understand how often they occur.

research Clinical and hormonal effects of the 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride in idiopathic hirsutism.

33 citations , October 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism”

Finasteride reduces hair growth and is safe for women with excessive hair.

research Effect of finasteride, a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, on serum gonadotropins in normal men.

30 citations , August 1992 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism”

Finasteride doesn't affect hormone levels in normal men.

research Incomplete Recovery of Erectile Function in Rat after Discontinuation of Dual 5‐Alpha Reductase Inhibitor Therapy

29 citations , July 2012 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine”

Rats had lasting erectile problems after stopping a certain medication.

A population‐based nested case–control study: the use of 5‐alpha‐reductase inhibitors and the increased risk of osteoporosis diagnosis in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia

research A population‐based nested case–control study: the use of 5‐alpha‐reductase inhibitors and the increased risk of osteoporosis diagnosis in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia

22 citations , November 2014 in “Clinical endocrinology”

Taking finasteride for benign prostate hyperplasia may increase the risk of osteoporosis, especially at higher doses.

research New Progesterone Esters as 5.ALPHA.-Reductase Inhibitors.

22 citations , January 2001 in “Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin”

Some new progesterone derivatives are better at blocking testosterone conversion than a common drug.

research Effects of finasteride, a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, on circulating androgens and gonadotropin secretion in hirsute women.

22 citations , September 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism”

Finasteride reduces dihydrotestosterone, increases testosterone, and may treat hirsutism in women.

research 5‐alpha‐reductase inhibitor treatment for frontal fibrosing alopecia: an evidence‐based treatment update

21 citations , March 2018 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors may help stabilize or slow down hair loss in some frontal fibrosing alopecia patients, but more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness and safety.

research 5‐Alpha reductase inhibitors in androgenetic alopecia: Shifting paradigms, current concepts, comparative efficacy, and safety

19 citations , May 2020 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

Dutasteride works better than finasteride for hair loss, with both being safe to use.

research Efficacy and safety of 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor monotherapy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: A meta-analysis

19 citations , October 2018 in “PLOS ONE”

5 alpha-reductase inhibitors can slightly improve symptoms of enlarged prostate but have a high risk of sexual side effects.

research Safety and Tolerability of the Dual 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitor Dutasteride in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia

19 citations , August 2016 in “Annals of Dermatology”

Dutasteride is safe and effective for treating hair loss, but may decrease libido.

Selected variants of the steroid-5-alpha-reductase isoforms SRD5A1 and SRD5A2 and the sex steroid hormone receptors ESR1, ESR2 and PGR: No association with female pattern hair loss identified

research Selected variants of the steroid-5-alpha-reductase isoforms SRD5A1 and SRD5A2 and the sex steroid hormone receptors ESR1, ESR2 and PGR: No association with female pattern hair loss identified

18 citations , May 2012 in “Experimental Dermatology”

No link found between specific genes and female pattern hair loss.