4 citations
,
June 2017 in “Endocrine Reviews” Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) mainly affects nearby cells, doesn't significantly change prostate hormonal environment or cancer risk, and doesn't play a main role in causing hair loss or acne. More research is needed on its effects on heart health, sexual function, and bone health.
131 citations
,
April 2018 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” The document concludes that blocking the internal pathways that create androgens might help treat cancers that depend on sex hormones.
1 citations
,
August 2023 in “Andrology” Finasteride changes hormone levels and certain proteins in rats, but these effects can be reversed after stopping the drug.
May 2021 in “IntechOpen eBooks” Androgens, male hormones, affect physical and mental functions, with a decrease leading to health issues like muscle loss, bone disease, and depression, and more research is needed on long-term effects and treatments.
59 citations
,
October 2003 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Epitestosterone may counteract testosterone's effects and has roles in body processes like prostate growth and hair distribution.
55 citations
,
August 2019 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Androgens are important for female fertility and could help in IVF treatment, but also play a role in causing PCOS.
50 citations
,
February 2013 in “Annals of Clinical Biochemistry” Understanding how DHT works is important for diagnosing and treating hormone-related disorders.
22 citations
,
January 2017 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” A new method accurately measures nine specific hormones in human blood.
February 2024 in “Brain research bulletin” Blocking androgen activity in newborn rats affects body weight and appetite-related hormones differently in males and females.
70 citations
,
September 2017 in “Expert opinion on therapeutic patents” The review suggests that while many AKR1C3 inhibitors show promise for treating certain cancers, more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness in humans.
56 citations
,
January 2008 in “Molecular and cellular endocrinology” Two enzymes regulate androgen receptor activity, affecting treatments for androgen insufficiency and benign prostatic hyperplasia.
35 citations
,
May 2012 in “Medicine and science in sports and exercise” Muscles can make their own androgens, which may help muscle growth.
8 citations
,
December 2022 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Mice without the enzyme HSD17B3 still produce normal testosterone, suggesting they have different ways to make it compared to humans.
4 citations
,
November 2021 in “Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy” 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, like finasteride and dutasteride, may cause depression, but more research is needed to understand why.
October 2022 in “Biomolecules”
January 2021 in “Translational Andrology and Urology”
32 citations
,
December 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” 17-β-Estradiol applied to the skin stops hair growth, while ICI 182 780 helps hair grow in mice.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Transgender females can reach their target estrogen levels using estradiol patches, especially if oral treatments fail or if they're at risk for blood clots. Often, the highest dose patch is needed.
June 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” 17α-estradiol extends lifespan and improves metabolism in male mice through the estrogen receptor α.
4 citations
,
April 2020 in “Dermatology practical & conceptual” 37 citations
,
May 2018 in “Transgender health” Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.
35 citations
,
February 2006 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Polymers increased skin permeation and stability of steroid hormones in liposomal formulations.
3 citations
,
October 2021 in “Nutrition research” Estrogen affects how vitamin A is processed in mouse skin, which may impact acne treatment, hair growth, and skin defense.
February 2024 in “Life sciences” Testosterone affects blood vessel relaxation in hypertensive rats.
May 2021 in “International journal of developmental research” Estrogens and progesterone are key in regulating melasma pigmentation.
The estrogen receptor pathway controls hair growth cycles and affects skin cell growth.
12 citations
,
October 2018 in “Aging male/The aging male” Higher BMI and lower testosterone are linked to more aggressive prostate cancer.
July 2023 in “International Journal of Endocrinology” Centratherum anthelminticum seed extract effectively treats Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in rats.
June 2023 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Gender-affirming hormone therapy changes hair growth in transgender people, with feminizing therapy reducing hair and masculinizing therapy increasing it, but sometimes additional treatment is needed.
8 citations
,
December 2022 in “Nature Reviews Endocrinology” Sex hormones' effects on COVID-19 are unclear and more research is needed to understand their potential as treatment.