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The European Society of Endocrinology advises individualized long-term management for PCOS, focusing on lifestyle changes, accurate diagnosis, and treatments for associated health risks and symptoms.

Hyperpigmentation is common in pregnancy and may not fully fade after birth; melasma, also frequent, can persist but has limited treatment options during pregnancy.

Localized heat or specific injections can prevent chemotherapy-induced hair loss without affecting cancer treatment.

Pannexin 3 is important for bone formation and the development of bone cells.

Cholesterol sulfate buildup due to a genetic mutation disrupts the skin barrier, leading to the scaling skin seen in X-linked ichthyosis.

A boy with alopecia regrew hair using a vitamin D cream after other treatments failed.

A boy with GAPO syndrome had hair loss similar to male pattern baldness without hormone issues, possibly due to skin or blood vessel problems.

Levothyroxine effectively treated a dog's skin and hair problems caused by hypothyroidism.

Putting calcipotriol ointment on the skin once doesn't change calcium levels in the body right away.

High doses of certain vitamins can cause serious side effects and health risks.

Eating the right nutrients can improve hair health, but taking extra supplements usually doesn't help unless you have a deficiency.

People with alopecia areata often have lower levels of vitamin D, zinc, and folate, but more research is needed to understand if supplements can help treat it.

The document explains different types of hair loss, their causes, and treatments, and suggests future research areas.

Many patients find hair loss from chemotherapy very distressing, and while treatments like minoxidil and scalp cooling may help, there is no sure way to prevent it.

M30 is a promising treatment for preventing hair loss during chemotherapy.

Chemotherapy causes hair loss by damaging hair follicles and stem cells, with more research needed for prevention and treatment.

The Foxn1 gene mutation causes hairlessness and immune system issues, and understanding it could lead to hair growth disorder treatments.

Overexpressing the mineralocorticoid receptor in mouse skin causes skin thinning, early skin barrier development, eye issues, and hair loss.

Hair follicle culture helps develop new treatments for hair loss.

Hormones affect skin aging and fat distribution, and treatments can help, but only minoxidil is proven for female hair loss.

Some topical treatments like corticosteroids and vitamin D analogues are effective for scalp psoriasis, but more long-term data is needed.

Researchers found that certain lipids, especially vitamin D3, are lower in prematurely grey hair than in pigmented hair.

Phthirusa pyrifolia extract may lower testosterone and harm male rat reproduction without damaging the liver or kidneys.

Retinoids are effective for skin conditions like severe acne and psoriasis but must be used with caution due to potential side effects and risks during pregnancy.

The enzyme steroid sulfatase is linked to breast cancer and other conditions, and inhibitors are being developed for treatment.

Some vitamins and minerals like vitamin D and iron can help with certain types of hair loss, but more research is needed for others.

HFMs can help study hair growth and test potential hair growth drugs.

Acitretin is effective for severe psoriasis and can be used long-term due to no immunosuppression, but must be carefully monitored for side effects and is not for pregnant women.

Two new compounds were found that could promote hair growth as well or better than minoxidil.

Estrogen and androgenic hair increase melanoma risk, especially in European-ancestry individuals.