April 2025 in “Jurnal Inovasi Bahan Lokal dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat” This study found that variations in propylene glycol concentration in wax apple leaf extract hair tonic affected pH, specific gravity, and viscosity, aligning with SNI requirements.
This study found that varying the concentration of propylene glycol in katuk leaf extract hair tonic formulations significantly affects the viscosity, highlighting the importance of propylene glycol concentration in maintaining the physical characteristics of these preparations.
The best mix of propylene glycol and sorbitol was found for a cream to prevent hair loss using saw palmetto extract.
June 2025 in “Healthy-Mu Journal” The optimized Cinchonine gel effectively fights acne bacteria and is safe for twice-daily use.
In this study, the researchers found that glycerol strongly influenced the physical characteristics of an anti hair loss cream containing Saw Palmetto extract, notably improving its spreadability, viscosity, and stability without causing skin irritation.