December 2023 in “Research Square (Research Square)” This study found that IL-4 VNTR intron 3 and TNF-α (rs1799964) gene polymorphisms do not have a significant association with alopecia areata susceptibility in the Egyptian population.
March 2009 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This study found no association between the androgen receptor gene and type II androgenetic alopecia in Egyptian women, suggesting it is not a useful biomarker for genetic predisposition.
July 2024 in “Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics” In this case-control study, the researchers found no significant association between IL-4 VNTR intron 3 and TNF-α (rs1799964) gene polymorphisms and alopecia areata susceptibility among the Egyptian population.
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September 2004 in “PubMed” In this study, no significant association was found between the VDR FokI gene polymorphism and alopecia areata, though further research in diverse populations is needed.
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January 2015 in “Genetics and Molecular Research” This study found that gene-regulatory interactions among parental alleles contribute significantly to heterosis in early stages of maize development, with many differentially expressed genes showing non-additive expression in hybrids.