16 citations
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May 1982 in “Postgraduate Medical Journal” Minoxidil can cause pericardial and pleural effusions with high protein content.
7 citations
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June 2021 in “Cureus” Minoxidil can cause severe body swelling and fluid buildup, which improves after stopping the drug and using diuretics.
December 2021 in “Black sea journal of health science” Valproic acid can cause a rare allergic reaction leading to fluid around the lungs and heart, which is treatable by changing medication.
May 2025 in “European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine” Minoxidil can cause life-threatening heart complications, so careful monitoring is essential.
March 2025 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” Low-dose oral minoxidil effectively treats alopecia but can cause side effects like excess hair growth and fluid retention.