July 2026 in “Organoid Research” In this review, researchers summarize key factors in constructing skin organoids, including cell source and assembly methods, and emphasize advances such as air-liquid interface culture for improving tissue development, aiming to guide standardized protocols and future clinical applications.
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October 2025 in “Journal of Visualized Experiments” In this study, researchers presented a protocol for generating planar skin organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells, which include hair follicles and other skin structures, offering a relevant in vitro model for investigating skin physiology, pathogen interactions, and drug responses.
January 2026 in “Microsystems & Nanoengineering” This review discusses advancements in skin microphysiological systems, such as 3D bioprinting, skin organoids, and skin-on-a-chip, and their effectiveness in emulating human skin functions for research and preclinical applications, highlighting the potential for replacing animal testing with these innovative technologies.
February 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This paper reviews advancements in 3D human skin models using bioprinting, organoid, and organ-on-a-chip technologies, noting improvements in physiological realism through vascularization and multi-omics data, but also highlighting challenges such as cost and lack of standardization that hinder clinical adoption.
This study utilized a pigmented human epidermal equivalent model to incorporate melanocytes into the epidermis and found enhanced differentiation potential compared to conventional in vitro systems, reflecting in vivo cellular trajectories and highlighting melanocyte-to-keratinocyte communication pathways.