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In this study, researchers found that a PER3 gene SNP may be pathogenic for a new subtype of dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria, especially when combined with a SASH1 mutation.

This study found that individuals with both schizophrenia and obesity showed reduced PER3 gene expression amplitude and lower melatonin levels compared to normal-weight controls, suggesting dampened circadian rhythms linked to irregular sleep. Hair follicle sampling was effective for assessing these molecular rhythms.

In this study, bright light exposure during the daytime did not significantly affect clock gene expression in humans, although Rev-erb-ß expression appeared stronger under bright light compared to dim light.

This study found that leukocytes and beard hair follicle cells have an endogenous circadian clock, with PER1 and PER3 expression possibly serving as biomarkers for assessing individual biological clock traits.

This study found that extreme morning and evening chronotypes exhibited significant differences in the timing of circadian clock gene expression in hair follicle cells.