51 citations
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August 2012 in “Differentiation” Mouse genital development depends on male or female hormones for specific features.
19 citations
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February 2012 in “International Journal of Urology” In Japan, sex reassignment surgery for gender identity disorder faces challenges and needs better medical support and education.
13 citations
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January 2019 in “Endocrine journal” Dihydrotestosterone treatment can help penis growth in boys with 5α-reductase deficiency but doesn't fully normalize size after puberty.
23 citations
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March 2019 in “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery – Global Open” BMI is not a significant predictor of complications after gender-affirming penile inversion vaginoplasty.
855 citations
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June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.