September 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” CCCA in women of African ancestry may be caused by PADI3 gene mutations and intense hair grooming.
February 2024 in “International Journal of Dermatology” The document concludes that more local research on African skin and hair is needed despite increased scientific output from Sub-Saharan Africa.
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January 2020 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” PADs are crucial for healthy skin and hair, and their imbalance can cause skin and hair disorders.
Whale oil significantly promotes hair growth and may be a safe, effective alternative to minoxidil.
Mutations in the PADI3 gene may cause central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia in women of African ancestry.