4 citations
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January 2024 in “Allergy” This study indicates that individuals exposed to PPD mount varying immune responses, with either tolerance, subclinical inflammation, or allergy, suggesting no true non-responders to PPD.
March 2026 in “Indian Dermatology Online Journal” This report details a case study where a 40-year-old woman experienced allergic contact dermatitis and angioedema-like symptoms after using PPD-containing hair dye. Patch testing confirmed a positive reaction to PPD, highlighting the substance's potential to cause both T-cell and IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions.
20 citations
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June 2011 in “ISRN Dermatology (Print)” This case report describes a woman experiencing severe hair loss due to allergic contact dermatitis from a hair dye containing PPD.
9 citations
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July 2012 in “Dermatitis” Hair dye with para-phenylenediamine can cause skin depigmentation.
8 citations
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March 2015 in “Molecular Medicine Reports” This study found that para-phenylenediamine induces cytotoxic effects in normal human hair dermal papilla cells by altering microRNA expression and causing cell death, cell cycle arrest, and oxidative stress.