128 citations
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July 2009 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” This study found that penetration enhancer-containing vesicles significantly improved minoxidil delivery to the skin compared to traditional liposomes and penetration enhancer-containing ethanolic solutions, with deformability linked to enhanced deposition.
26 citations
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May 2012 in “Pharmaceutical Development and Technology” PEVs effectively deliver minoxidil through skin.
February 2026 in “International Journal of Recent Surgical and Medical Sciences” This review highlights that both human-derived and plant-derived exosomes show anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, with human exosomes being better for targeted medicinal treatments due to their ability to transport healing drugs, while plant exosomes are more scalable and cost-effective for cosmetic applications.
34 citations
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October 2021 in “Scientific Reports” This study found that nobiletin-loaded vesicles effectively restored skin condition in a mouse model of skin cancer, suggesting they are a promising treatment delivery system.
This study found that platelet-derived extracellular vesicles from apheresis platelets may effectively activate dermal papilla cells and promote hair follicle growth in a mouse model of hair regeneration.