4 citations
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March 2017 in “Development” This study found that specialized nipple epidermis in mice is maintained by the repression of TGFβ signaling through estrogen, which highlights the role of hormonal regulation in epidermal maintenance.
This study found that areola formation in mice requires a combination of pregnancy hormones and mechanical strain, with individual stimuli causing only modest changes in epidermal proliferation and connective tissue remodeling.
56 citations
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February 2012 in “Developmental biology” This study found that the absence of Sostdc1 in mice alters mammary gland and hair follicle development, particularly by increasing vibrissae numbers and causing unusual nipple-like structures.
3 citations
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February 2015 in “Mechanisms of development” This study observed that areola formation in mice requires exposure to pregnancy hormones and mechanical strain, beyond individual stimuli like hormonal milieu or strain alone.
This study used a mouse model to reveal that S100A4-positive cells, specifically fibroblasts and immune cells, play a crucial role in nipple development, essential for successful lactation, despite no issues with mammary morphology or milk production.
