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research Depletion of S100A4+ stromal cells results in abnormal nipple development and nursing failure

January 2026

This study used a mouse model to reveal that S100A4-positive cells, specifically fibroblasts and immune cells, play a crucial role in nipple development, essential for successful lactation, despite no issues with mammary morphology or milk production.

research Nipple Differentiation in Fetal Male Rats Treated with an Inhibitor of the Enzyme 5α-Reductase: Definition of a Selective Role for Dihydrotestosterone*

53 citations , January 1986 in “Endocrinology”

This rat study suggests that 5α-dihydrotestosterone plays a critical role in inhibiting nipple development in male fetuses by causing the regression of the nipple anlage in utero.

research Effects of in Utero Exposure to Finasteride on Androgen-Dependent Reproductive Development in the Male Rat

118 citations , May 2003 in “Toxicological Sciences”

This study found that prenatal exposure to finasteride in rats led to permanent changes in developmental endpoints like anogenital distance and nipple retention, which were predictive of further reproductive tract malformations.

research Effects of Finasteride and DEHP on anogenital distance and nipple retention after perinatal exposure in rats

1 citations , January 2005 in “Research Portal (King's College London)”

Finasteride and DEHP exposure during development can change reproductive markers in rats.

research Effects of In Utero Exposure to D-004, a Lipid Extract from Roystonea regia Fruits, in the Male Rat: A Comparison with Finasteride

8 citations , August 2011 in “Journal of Medicinal Food”

In this study, D-004 did not affect androgen-dependent development in rats exposed in utero, while finasteride caused significant changes in male offspring's androgen-dependent tissues.

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community Just found a little hard lump under my left nipple, it’s over

in Finasteride/Dutasteride 12 upvotes 2 years ago

A user experienced a hard lump under their nipple and increased hair loss after four months of finasteride. They are concerned about the lump and plan to stop the treatment.

community Finasteride gyno experience and in dire need of advice

in Finasteride/Dutasteride 7 upvotes 6 years ago

A user experienced puffy nipples and lumps from finasteride, leading to a dilemma between continuing treatment with potential surgery or accepting hair loss. They restarted finasteride at a lower dose with supplements but still face side effects and are seeking advice on whether to persist or stop.

community How can I tell when I’m old enough to take Finasteride?

in Finasteride/Dutasteride 2 upvotes 1 year ago

An 18-year-old is experiencing significant hair loss and is considering starting finasteride treatment but is concerned about its effects on puberty and development. They previously tried finasteride but stopped due to side effects and are seeking advice on when it's safe to resume.

community First week on Fin. Experiencing some pretty uncomfortable sides.

5 upvotes 8 years ago

The user experienced uncomfortable side effects, including loss of libido, brain fog, and nipple sensitivity, after starting finasteride for hair loss. They are considering stopping the medication due to concerns about gynecomastia and personality changes.

community PYRILUTAMIDE PHASE 3 RESULTS : No statistical significance

124 upvotes 2 years ago

The phase 3 trial results for Pyrilutamide showed no significant difference from the control treatment in increasing hair count, leading to the company halting its development. Users discussed their disappointment and skepticism about hair loss treatments, with some mentioning other treatments like Minoxidil, Finasteride, and RU58841.

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