March 2024 in “Cosmoderma” Botulinum toxin is used for neck, shoulder, calf, and ankle slimming, and hair loss treatment, but can cause muscle weakness and atrophy with regular use.
June 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Anti-Ku antibodies are linked to unique symptoms and may involve autophagy issues.
35 citations,
March 2014 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Hair loss in male pattern baldness involves muscle degeneration and increased scalp fat.
31 citations,
January 2014 in “International Journal of Trichology” The arrector pili muscle might play a role in hair loss and needs more research to understand its impact.
85 citations,
June 2015 in “Scientific Reports” The study found that diseases can be grouped by symptoms and that the accuracy of predicting disease-related genes varies with the data source.