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This study developed minoxidil sulphate-loaded chitosan nanoparticles that doubled drug delivery to hair follicles in vitro compared to a control solution, suggesting potential for improved alopecia treatment.

This study observed that iontophoresis significantly improved the delivery of minoxidil sulfate to hair follicles compared to passive methods, suggesting potential benefits for alopecia treatment.

In this study, researchers explored whether minoxidil, a common treatment for androgenetic alopecia, may have estrogenic activity and found preliminary evidence suggesting it could act as a partial agonist of Estrogen Receptor α (ERα).

This study concluded that chitosan nanoparticles loaded with minoxidil effectively target hair follicles and reduce dermal exposure compared to iontophoresis, despite similar drug delivery potential to the follicles.

This review article provides an updated overview of the pharmacology, mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, and adverse events associated with topical minoxidil, a widely used treatment for androgenetic alopecia and other hair loss conditions, while noting that its exact mechanism is still not fully understood.