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This study provides a comprehensive analysis of anabolic-androgenic steroids, reporting that their use enhances muscle mass but is associated with significant health issues including cardiac muscle hypertrophy, liver disease, and changes in gender characteristics, emphasizing the need for patient awareness of these risks.

This study found that prenatal exposure to androgens caused long-lasting heart remodeling and left ventricular hypertrophy in female mice offspring, suggesting potential cardiac risks for daughters of mothers with PCOS.

This study observed that deleting PTEN in mouse facial motoneurons enhanced peripheral axon regeneration but also led to physiological changes and potential hyperplasia in older mice.

This review concluded that corticosteroids improve muscle strength and function in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy over short-term periods, but evidence on prolonging walking ability remains insufficient, and side effects are common.

This article reviews botulinum toxin use in men, focusing on anatomical and treatment differences, with no new clinical results.