January 2019 in “Springer eBooks” Acne can appear or persist in adulthood due to hormonal changes, external factors, or substance use, and requires appropriate treatment.
14 citations,
October 2016 in “Physiological Research” Alfacalcidiol and metformin together lowered testosterone in women with PCOS, but did not significantly improve acne, hair growth, or pregnancy rates.
January 2019 in “Obstetrics & Gynecology International Journal” Hormonal changes and conditions like polycystic ovarian syndrome are major causes of adult acne in women, with varying prevalence among different ethnicities.
2 citations,
September 2016 in “Journal of skin and stem cell” Acne is strongly linked to high BMI, hair loss, menstrual issues, family history, and eating too many sweets and fatty foods, but not to excessive hair growth.
August 2016 in “Journal of evolution of medical and dental sciences” Most acne patients were young males with face acne, with many experiencing worsening in summer and diet-related aggravation.