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This study observed that melanogenesis in human hair follicles is linked to anagen phases, with melanocyte activity and enzyme expression being region-specific to the nascent bulb.

This review discusses the role of sex hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone, in melasma pathogenesis and suggests that progesterone in oral contraceptives may help prevent melasma by regulating melanocyte proliferation.

The researchers reported that protocatechuic acid reduced melanin synthesis and enhanced antioxidant activity in cultured human hair follicle melanocytes, indicating potential for skin whitening applications.

In this study, Epimedii Folium extract was found to enhance melanin production and promote pigmentation through mechanisms involving the MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway in both in vitro and in vivo models.

This study found that Carthamus tinctorius floret ethanolic extract stimulated melanogenesis in B16F10 murine melanoma cells without cytotoxicity, suggesting its potential as a treatment for gray hair.