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This study found that anagen stage protein homogenates and specific epitopes from melanogenesis proteins activated CD8 T cells, suggesting alopecia areata is an anagen-specific disease.

PRAME helps distinguish between benign and malignant skin cells in most cases.

This study reviews potential immune targets within hair follicles in alopecia areata, suggesting they may be associated with keratinocytes or melanocytes, and notes possible induction triggers like viruses and infections.

This study found that thymus transplantation in athymic mice resulted in T-cell-driven hair follicle depigmentation and loss, without multiorgan autoimmune disease, highlighting mechanisms of tissue-specific tolerance.

This study suggests that varicella-zoster virus infection in skin cells may play a role in segmental vitiligo's progression and depigmentation.