January 2022 in “JPK Jurnal Proteksi Kesehatan” This study found that the ethanol extract of mangkokan leaf (Polyscias scutellarium) demonstrated antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with higher concentrations showing greater inhibition zones, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus.
June 2025 in “Formosa Journal of Sustainable Research” In this study, the NADES extract of mangkokan leaves (Polyscias scutellaria) demonstrated antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with a total flavonoid content measured at 4.944 mgEQ/gSimplisia using the disc diffusion method.
This study evaluated formulations of a nanoemulsion with mangkokan leaves extract and candlenut oil, predicting its effectiveness for enhancing hair growth in male Sprague Dawley rats, with nanoemulsions showing assumed stable physical characteristics after two weeks.
June 2025 in “Pharmacon Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia” This systematic review found that mangkokan leaf formulations, especially ethosomal gel or phytosome lotion at 25% concentration, were most effective in stimulating hair growth and improving hair health through various biological mechanisms.
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August 2019 In this study, a hair tonic formulation with 25% ethanol extract of mangkokan leaves showed effectiveness in promoting hair growth, as measured by significant differences in hair length and weight compared to the control.