March 2024 in “BMC women's health” This study found that free testosterone levels were 29% higher with the levonorgestrel implant than with the DMPA injection, which may impact sexual function, mood, and side effects like acne.
11 citations
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December 2017 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This letter highlights that levonorgestrel intrauterine devices may lead to fewer systemic side effects, like acne, compared to its oral administration due to lower systemic levels of progestogens.
4 citations
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May 2025 in “Open Access Journal of Contraception” This study suggests that lower-dose ethinyl estradiol formulations and progestin-only contraceptives may offer safer options for managing PCOS in obese women due to minimal metabolic effects.
December 2025 in “Fertility and Sterility” Both LNG-IUD and systemic progestins are effective for fertility-sparing treatment, but close monitoring is needed due to recurrence risk.
November 2023 in “L'Endocrinologo” This review examines the impact of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) on women's sexual health, highlighting inconsistencies in existing research; it reports no new results.