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This paper reviews the evolution of skin appendages and keratin-associated proteins among amniotes, proposing a model for their genetic divergence without new experimental results.

This review provides an overview of the molecular evolution of corneous beta-proteins in reptiles and birds, highlighting their distinct genetic origin and role in epidermal structures, but reports no new results.

This study identified the distribution of keratin-associated proteins during cornification in the epidermis of reptiles, revealing unique structural characteristics in sauropsid keratin proteins compared to other vertebrates.

This study suggests that the keratins found in reptile and bird skin appendages evolved independently from mammalian hair keratins, highlighting convergent evolution in these species.

In this review, researchers examined the molecular diversity and expression patterns of major skin appendage proteins, like keratins and EDC proteins, in tetrapods, highlighting recent findings in reptiles and birds and identifying knowledge gaps for future research.