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This review notes that while ATX-101 showed a favorable safety profile for reducing submental fat in clinical trials, serious adverse events related to procedures have been reported in real-world use, prompting recommendations for improved management and prevention strategies.

This study reviewed various lipolytic agents for reducing submental fat and highlighted that while deoxycholic acid is FDA-approved, other compounds like phosphatidylcholine with deoxycholate lack cosmetic approval due to safety concerns. Understanding these agents' mechanisms and anatomy is crucial for safe fat reduction applications.

This review discusses the evolution and studies of injection lipolysis for fat reduction, highlighting the need for more research to ensure patient safety and treatment efficacy; it reports no new clinical results.

This source reports that the JOLT technique using HA fillers is effective in lifting and tightening the lower face and neck, camouflaging the jowl, and improving marionette lines and the mandibular border.

This study found that facial rejuvenation with fat grafting around the prejowl sulcus provided better improvement in jowling and had fewer adverse effects compared to mandibular ligament release without fat grafting.