6 citations
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January 2019 in “The American Journal of Dermatopathology” This study discovered that adipose tissue infiltration at the isthmus level appears significantly more often in frontal fibrosing alopecia cases compared to controls, suggesting a potential role in the condition's pathology.
2 citations
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January 1989 in “The Nishinihon Journal of Dermatology” This study found that seborrheic keratosis lesions contain high levels of hair sheath keratin, suggesting they may originate from the upper hair follicle.
14 citations
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August 2004 in “Veterinary Dermatology” In this study, a thoroughbred mare exhibited a unique case of alopecia areata with lymphocytic infiltration at both the bulbar and isthmic levels of hair follicles.
2 citations
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September 2002 in “Dermatologic Surgery” This study describes how arrector pili muscles form a single muscular structure shared by all hair follicles within a follicular unit at the isthmus level in scalp skin.
51 citations
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November 2010 in “Dermatologic Surgery” This study measured the lengths and depths of different portions of occipital scalp hair follicles and suggested cutting below 1 mm for hair regeneration procedures to avoid damaging the bulge zone.