March 2023 in “Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation” This pilot study suggests that high-dose testosterone plus finasteride improved knee extensor strength and muscle size in men with impaired gait after chronic incomplete spinal cord injury.
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March 2005 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study found that testosterone therapy improved physical performance and strength in older men with low testosterone over 36 months, whether administered alone or with finasteride.
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January 2021 in “Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition” This source reports that while creatine supplementation is popular for improving muscle mass and performance, questions about its efficacy and safety persist. An expert team is reviewing literature to address concerns like water retention, renal effects, and its benefits across different populations and uses.
December 2024 in “Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition” In this narrative review, researchers examined common misconceptions and questions about creatine monohydrate, addressing issues such as its potential effects on muscle benefits without exercise, interactions with caffeine, inflammatory properties, safety during pregnancy, and effects on adolescents, among others.
July 2023 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This narrative review suggests that, after at least two years of gender-affirming hormone therapy, nonathletic transgender individuals tend to have physical performance levels similar to cisgender individuals, though more controlled research is necessary, particularly among trans athletes.