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In this mouse study, the researchers found that the monoclonal antibody ME1 causes hair follicle inflammation by up-regulating TNFα, which can be reduced by TNFα and interleukin-1 inhibitors.

In this study, minoxidil significantly downregulated interleukin-1 alpha expression in human keratinocyte cells, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect that may be a mechanism of action in treating alopecia.

This study found that IL-1α promotes hair follicle regeneration and stem cell activation in an age-dependent manner by modulating inflammatory cells and oxidative stress in mice.

This study found that in a neonatal rat model, skin wounding protected against chemotherapy-induced alopecia through IL-1β signaling, making hair follicles more resistant to damage when wounding exposure was timed correctly.

This study found that patients with alopecia areata had significantly higher serum levels of IL-1α compared to healthy controls, with no significant difference observed in IL-1β levels.