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This study identified a distinct cytokine activation signature in alopecia areata, involving TH2, TH1, IL-23, and IL-9/TH9 pathways, suggesting potential targeting strategies similar to those in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.

This study suggests that the T allele of the SNP rs2476601 in the PTPN22 gene may increase the risk of alopecia areata, although further studies are necessary to validate this finding across different populations.

This study found that IL-7 is crucial for the survival of memory regulatory T cells in the skin of mice, whereas IL-2 is essential for their initial generation but not for their maintenance.

This study observed that expanding regulatory T cells in the skin of mice with alopecia areata did not reverse the condition, indicating that additional immunotherapy may be necessary.

This review examines the role of IL-15 in alopecia areata treatment but reports no clinical results, as there are currently insufficient studies to determine its therapeutic potential.